Field Exploration for Colony Selection: Evaluating Hygienic Behavior in Apis cerana indica Colonies
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. Pin-Killed Brood Assay
2.3. Colony Growth Parameters
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Result
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Principal Component Analysis
3.3. Correlation Analysis
3.4. Analysis of Variance
3.4.1. Hygienic Behavior
3.4.2. Honey Area
3.4.3. Pollen Area
3.4.4. Brood Area
3.4.5. Adult Population
3.5. Colony Selection Based on the Selection Index
3.6. Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source | Df | Residual | HB | HA | PA | BA | AP | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F Value | F Value | F Value | F Value | F Value | ||||||||
Season | 1 | 222 | 17.61 | 0.07 | 157.92 | 0.42 | 94.14 | 0.30 | 564.21 | 0.72 | 131.86 | 0.37 |
Location | 5 | 222 | 93.61 | 0.68 | 82.17 | 0.65 | 47.39 | 0.52 | 51.78 | 0.54 | 43.25 | 0.49 |
Season × Location | 5 | 222 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 4.02 | 0.08 | 2.23 | 0.05 | 3.42 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
Colony ID | Selection Index | Rank |
---|---|---|
T4 | 107.6779 | 1 |
C2 | 104.3092 | 2 |
C7 | 99.05145 | 3 |
C9 | 98.61222 | 4 |
C10 | 92.61824 | 5 |
C4 | 91.99659 | 6 |
D10 | 91.68568 | 7 |
C8 | 81.35574 | 8 |
T6 | 71.77229 | 9 |
T12 | 71.70287 | 10 |
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Haran, R.; Sumathi, E.; Iqbal, J.; Krupesh, S.; Parthasarathi, G.; Vijay, S.; Saminathan, V.R.; Srinivasan, M.R.; Kokiladevi, E.; Jayakanthan, M.; et al. Field Exploration for Colony Selection: Evaluating Hygienic Behavior in Apis cerana indica Colonies. Insects 2024, 15, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080598
Haran R, Sumathi E, Iqbal J, Krupesh S, Parthasarathi G, Vijay S, Saminathan VR, Srinivasan MR, Kokiladevi E, Jayakanthan M, et al. Field Exploration for Colony Selection: Evaluating Hygienic Behavior in Apis cerana indica Colonies. Insects. 2024; 15(8):598. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080598
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaran, Ramkumar, Ettiappan Sumathi, Javaid Iqbal, Sivakumar Krupesh, Ganesan Parthasarathi, Settu Vijay, Vangili Ramasami Saminathan, Madapuji Rajagopalan Srinivasan, Eswaran Kokiladevi, Mannu Jayakanthan, and et al. 2024. "Field Exploration for Colony Selection: Evaluating Hygienic Behavior in Apis cerana indica Colonies" Insects 15, no. 8: 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15080598