Associations between Body Segment Mass and Punch, Front Kick, or Countermovement Jump Performance in Military Cadets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Participants
2.4. Instruments
2.4.1. Punches and Front Kicks
2.4.2. Countermovement Jump
2.4.3. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Correlation Analysis between Body Segment Mass and Punches, Front Kicks, or CMJ
3.2. Correlation Analysis between Front Kick Dynamic Forces and CMJ Performance
3.3. Graphical Representation of Findings
4. Discussion
4.1. Dynamic Forces of the Punches or Front Kicks and CMJ Performance
4.2. Relationship between Punch or Front Kick Dynamic Forces and Body Mass or Body Segment Mass
4.3. Associations between Front Kick Dynamic Forces and CMJ Performance
4.4. Integration of the Study Findings
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dynamic Forces | Direct Punch | Palm Strike | Elbow Strike | Front Kick | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | CI Low–Up | Mean ± SD | CI Low–Up | Mean ± SD | CI Low–Up | Mean ± SD | CI Low–Up | |
Peak force (N) | 2501 ± 625 | 2168–2834 | 4210 ± 1125 | 3610–4809 | 4677 ± 973 | 4159–5196 | 6310 ± 1554 | 5482–7138 |
Peak force * (N/kg) | 474 ± 109 | 414–534 | 805 ± 224 | 681–928 | 894 ± 196 | 786–1002 | 451 ± 108 | 392–510 |
Impact time (ms) | 17.3 ± 4.2 | 15.1–19.5 | 7.9 ± 2.6 | 6.5–9.2 | 10 ± 3.7 | 8.1–12 | 120 ± 15 | 8.1–11.6 |
Impact time * (ms/kg) | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 2.9–3.7 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.3–1.7 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.6–2.2 | 8.9 ± 1.2 | 8.2–9.5 |
Impulse (N.s) | 17.2 ± 3.5 | 15.3–19.1 | 14.9 ± 3.6 | 12.1–18.7 | 17.6 ± 2.8 | 16.1–19 | 154.4 ± 31.5 | 139–171 |
Impulse * (N.s/kg) | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 2.96–3.53 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.5–3.1 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 3.1–3.6 | 10.9 ± 1.7 | 10–12 |
Impact force (N) | 1023 ± 220 | 906–1141 | 1968 ± 487 | 1708–2228 | 1878 ± 420 | 1654–2102 | 3111 ± 735 | 3719–3502 |
Impact force * (N/kg) | 194.8 ± 41.4 | 172–218 | 377 ± 99 | 322–432 | 360 ± 88 | 312–510 | 223 ± 53 | 193–252 |
Countermovement jump | ||||||||
Peak force (N) | Impact force (N) | Peak velocity (m/s) | Jump height (cm) | |||||
Mean ± SD | 4531 ± 1051 | 1798 ± 237 | 3.10 ± 0.97 | 38.43 ± 4.72 | ||||
CI lower–upper | 3971–5091 | 1672–1924 | 2.58–3.62 | 35.92–40.94 | ||||
Body mass (kg) | Striking arm mass (kg) | Kicking leg mass (kg) | ||||||
Mean ± SD | 82.9 ± 8.1 | 5.29 ± 6.1 | 14.1 ± 1.39 | |||||
CI lower–upper | 77.6–86.7 | 4.96–5.61 | 13.32–14.81 |
Peak Force (N) | Impulse (N.s) | Impact Force (N) | Impact Time (ms) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DP | PS | ES | FK | CMJ | DP | PS | ES | FK | DP | PS | ES | FK | CMJ | DP | PS | ES | FK | |
BM | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.52 | 0.16 | −0.09 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.70 * | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.27 | 0.25 |
SAM | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.31 | 0.6 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.54 | 0.34 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.15 |
KLM | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.48 | 0.64 * | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.80 * | 0.5 | 0.46 | 0.30 | 0.14 |
Countermovement Jump | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Peak Force (N) | Impact Force (N) | Peak Velocity (m/s) | Jump Height (cm) | |
FK Peak Force (N) | 0.53 | 0.10 | 0.63 | 0.74 * |
FK Peak Force * (N/kg) | 0.31 | −0.32 | 0.65 * | 0.64 * |
FK Peak Force ** (N/kg) | 0.28 | −0.26 | 0.61 | 0.63 |
FK Impulse (N.s) | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.16 | 0.49 |
FK Impulse * (N.s/kg) | 0.25 | −0.06 | 0.24 | 0.51 |
FK Impulse ** (N.s/kg) | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.40 |
FK Impact Force (N) | 0.41 | −0.10 | 0.54 | 0.77 * |
FK Impact Force * (N/kg) | 0.22 | −0.43 | 0.55 | 0.63 |
FK Impact Force ** (N/kg) | 0.23 | −0.42 | 0.56 | 0.58 |
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Vagner, M.; Malecek, J.; Olah, V.; Stastny, P. Associations between Body Segment Mass and Punch, Front Kick, or Countermovement Jump Performance in Military Cadets. Sports 2024, 12, 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12080205
Vagner M, Malecek J, Olah V, Stastny P. Associations between Body Segment Mass and Punch, Front Kick, or Countermovement Jump Performance in Military Cadets. Sports. 2024; 12(8):205. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12080205
Chicago/Turabian StyleVagner, Michal, Jan Malecek, Vladan Olah, and Petr Stastny. 2024. "Associations between Body Segment Mass and Punch, Front Kick, or Countermovement Jump Performance in Military Cadets" Sports 12, no. 8: 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12080205