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Societies, Volume 15, Issue 4 (April 2025) – 31 articles

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15 pages, 1330 KiB  
Review
A Review of Qualitative Studies of Parents’ Perspectives on Climate Change
by Hilary Graham, Pete Lampard and Su Golder
Societies 2025, 15(4), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040104 - 17 Apr 2025
Abstract
Climate change is opening up new fields of qualitative research, including one focused on parents’ perspectives on climate change. Our scoping review identifies and describes studies in OECD countries in this emerging field. We used recommended search strategies and methods for reviews of [...] Read more.
Climate change is opening up new fields of qualitative research, including one focused on parents’ perspectives on climate change. Our scoping review identifies and describes studies in OECD countries in this emerging field. We used recommended search strategies and methods for reviews of qualitative studies. We located 19 unique studies (22 papers) published between January 2000 and June 2024 which were characterised by distinct foci, study populations and participant profiles. The two major foci were reproductive decision-making and the emotional impacts of climate change on parents and children. Study populations were predominantly those already actively engaged in climate change issues. In studies providing socio-demographic information, most participants were socially advantaged. In developing this important field, we argue for a broader research agenda with respect to foci and for study populations and participant profiles that are more representative of the societies in which the studies are located. Full article
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12 pages, 679 KiB  
Article
Influence of Sedentary Behavior on School Engagement Among Youth Aged 10 to 18 in Southern Spain
by Pablo Ramírez-Espejo, Jose Luis Solas-Martínez, Rubén Roldán-Roldán and Alba Rusillo-Magdaleno
Societies 2025, 15(4), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040103 - 17 Apr 2025
Viewed by 17
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of sedentary behavior among adolescents raises concerns about its impact on academic engagement. This study examines the association between negative and positive sedentary behavior and behavioral, emotional, and cognitive school engagement in adolescents. A total of 270 students aged 10 [...] Read more.
The increasing prevalence of sedentary behavior among adolescents raises concerns about its impact on academic engagement. This study examines the association between negative and positive sedentary behavior and behavioral, emotional, and cognitive school engagement in adolescents. A total of 270 students aged 10 to 18 from southern Spain participated. Sedentary behavior was assessed via self-report, and school engagement was measured using the School Engagement Measure (SEM). ANCOVA and binary logistic regression were applied, adjusting for age, BMI, and maternal education level. The findings indicate that low negative sedentary behavior is associated with higher cognitive engagement (p = 0.009), while high positive sedentary behavior correlates with greater behavioral (p = 0.018) and cognitive engagement (p = 0.008). Moreover, high negative sedentary behavior more than doubles the risk of low cognitive engagement, and low positive sedentary behavior significantly increases the likelihood of low behavioral and cognitive engagement. These results suggest that while some sedentary behaviors may hinder academic engagement, structured activities like reading and studying can positively contribute to school performance. Encouraging active learning strategies, structured study habits, and responsible screen use may help to maximize school engagement. Future research should explore longitudinal effects and intervention strategies to optimize adolescent learning and well-being. Full article
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16 pages, 829 KiB  
Article
Relationships and Relationality in Times of Profound Eco-Political Change
by Chris Turner
Societies 2025, 15(4), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040102 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 30
Abstract
This paper draws out the distinction between relationship and relationality in the context of a time of ecological turmoil and the climate emergency. It does so from an aesthoecological standpoint—a concept initially developed by [hidden for peer review] to establish important criteria and [...] Read more.
This paper draws out the distinction between relationship and relationality in the context of a time of ecological turmoil and the climate emergency. It does so from an aesthoecological standpoint—a concept initially developed by [hidden for peer review] to establish important criteria and characteristics within education. Eco-political issues are stressed as being vital to education across the lifespan, and this paper offers a philosophical backdrop for these crucial issues and some hope for the future. Ideas of transdisciplinarity are foregrounded in both theoretical and practical ways to emphasise that the problems of climate change, biodiversity loss, and other Earth crises are inherently complex and interconnected. Addressing these challenges requires a new way of understanding our relationships with both humans and more-than-humans, which is primarily an eco-political issue, and lifelong education has a significant role to play. The author proposes that aesthoecology has an important role in framing and addressing educational futures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Education Across the Lifespan)
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16 pages, 233 KiB  
Article
The Vulnerability and Injustices Faced by Young Carers in Developed Societies
by Gottfried Schweiger
Societies 2025, 15(4), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040101 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 40
Abstract
Around 2–8% of children and adolescents in developed societies are young carers, who provide care for ill, disabled, or addicted family members. This paper investigates the vulnerability and multidimensional injustices faced by young carers, drawing on empirical studies—both qualitative and quantitative—and social theory [...] Read more.
Around 2–8% of children and adolescents in developed societies are young carers, who provide care for ill, disabled, or addicted family members. This paper investigates the vulnerability and multidimensional injustices faced by young carers, drawing on empirical studies—both qualitative and quantitative—and social theory to reveal how young carers navigate their roles within the broader context of social inequality, highlighting the social structures and mechanisms that contribute to their marginalization and the detrimental consequences for their social inclusion, well-being, and personal development. The methodology of this article is a narrative analysis of relevant empirical research on young carers, combined with an analysis of this literature through a normative framework of social justice, which examines four dimensions of justice in order to highlight the vulnerability of young carers. (1) Firstly, young carers are often pushed into their situation because of economic and social constraints, which do not allow the family to find a different solution. Economic inequalities lead to and enforce caring obligations and have a cumulative negative effect on the young carer. Limited resources can be problematic for social inclusion, and when combined with caring obligations, they are corrosive. (2) Secondly, young carers are often victims of moral blackmail, which is that they are trapped in a situation where it would be morally wrong for them to act otherwise. Such moral blackmail can be carried out by those who are cared for, by the family and relatives or even by society, which could, but does not provide alternatives to young carers. (3) Thirdly, young carers are often manipulated to accept their caring obligations through distorted social norms and practices. Other than in the case of moral blackmail, such young carers do not care because they want to do the morally right thing and do have no alternatives available, but because they internalized that it would be normal for them to do so. Two concepts are useful to capture this aspect: adaptive preferences and indoctrination. (4) Fourthly, young people caring is often a form of exploitation, in that it takes unfair advantage of the young carer by receiving something from them, without giving an equivalent in return (and harming them in the process). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vulnerability in Theology, the Humanities and Social Sciences)
16 pages, 926 KiB  
Article
Insights into Intimate Partner Violence: Exploring Predictive Factors in Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys 2018
by George Atta, Paul Newton and Tayyab Shah
Societies 2025, 15(4), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040100 - 15 Apr 2025
Viewed by 99
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be a serious public health issue, particularly in Ghana. It is crucial to create evidence-based, preventative measures to stop IVP. This study empirically investigated the factors related to married women’s perceptions of male IPV against women. The [...] Read more.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be a serious public health issue, particularly in Ghana. It is crucial to create evidence-based, preventative measures to stop IVP. This study empirically investigated the factors related to married women’s perceptions of male IPV against women. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Goal 5.2) advocate for the elimination of male violence against women by governments, hence this study contributes to monitoring the progress being made. This study employed cross-sectional secondary data from Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) conducted in 2018 with a sample of 14,237 women aged 15–49. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions, and the results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Women’s justification of male IPV against women was correlated with socio-demographic factors such as education level, marital status, age of the woman, area of residence (rural or urban), ethnic background, and economic disadvantage (wealth status). Higher educated women (OR 0.248 [95% CI 0.185–0.332, p < 0.001]) were less likely to justify male IPV against women than women with no/less formal education. Women who were in the richest quintile (OR 0.766 [95% CI 0.634–0.926, p = 0.006]) were less likely than those in the poorest/lowest quintile to rationalize/justify intimate partner violence. In terms of ethnicity of the household head, the Ga/Dangme (OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.714–1.036, p = 0.112]) had lower odds of justifying male IPV against women compared to the Akan. The government, through the Ministry of Gender and Child Protection and women’s advocacy groups, should devise strategies, programs, and policies to empower women through formal education and economically through job training and employment support for women and victims to help them achieve financial independence and reduce negative attitudes toward women and the prevalence of male IPV against women. Full article
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12 pages, 230 KiB  
Article
Digital Teaching Competence Regarding Foreign Languages and Learning Modes at Official Language Schools in Andalusia (Spain)
by María Rubio-Gragera, Antonio Palacios-Rodríguez, Julio Cabero-Almenara and Mª Victoria Fernández Scagliusi
Societies 2025, 15(4), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040099 - 11 Apr 2025
Viewed by 66
Abstract
Despite the limited academic focus on the context of Official Language Schools (OLSs), these institutions play a crucial role in the formal education system, which are exclusively dedicated to foreign language teaching across various modalities in Andalusia, where ten different languages are taught. [...] Read more.
Despite the limited academic focus on the context of Official Language Schools (OLSs), these institutions play a crucial role in the formal education system, which are exclusively dedicated to foreign language teaching across various modalities in Andalusia, where ten different languages are taught. The main aim of this study is to perform an analysis the following two specific aspects: first, a descriptive analysis of the digital competence of 105 OLS teachers, and, second, a contrastive analysis examining potential differences in digital competence based on the language and teaching modalities (e.g., face-to-face vs. blended learning). This study uses the DigCompEdu framework to evaluate the digital skills of the teachers, revealing that, while they receive some training in digital competence, the overall level is only moderate, indicating a significant need for further professional development. Notably, the study highlights that the teachers’ ability to convey the importance of digital tools for educational purposes is a crucial area, particularly in an environment where digital natives and immigrants coexist, presenting an intergenerational digital divide. The contrastive analysis shows no significant differences in digital competence based on language or modality, pointing to the lack of specialized training for blended learning teachers, who must rely heavily on technology in their work. This study suggests future research should focus on the digital competence of students, considering age as a potential influential factor in language learning, and recommends designing a tailored digital competence training plan for OLS teachers based on the DigCompEdu framework, which could benefit foreign language educators broadly. Full article
17 pages, 265 KiB  
Article
Re-Constructing “Populism” as a Signifier of the Changing Meanings of the Political World: The Italian Case
by Matteo Antonini, Ambra Achilli, Desirè Gallucci, Maria Heering, Marika Rullo, Claudio Melacarne and Loretta Fabbri
Societies 2025, 15(4), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040098 - 9 Apr 2025
Viewed by 63
Abstract
This paper investigates the concept of “populist attitudes” resulting from the emotional symbolization of the political world. While contemporary scholars link populism to individual attitudes or socio-economic shifts, we argue that understanding populism’s underlying dynamics offers a more nuanced perspective. Addressing these emotional [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the concept of “populist attitudes” resulting from the emotional symbolization of the political world. While contemporary scholars link populism to individual attitudes or socio-economic shifts, we argue that understanding populism’s underlying dynamics offers a more nuanced perspective. Addressing these emotional symbolizations sheds light on how populist attitudes and structural conditions become salient and lead to a global rise. Using data from a nationally representative Italian survey, we studied the interaction between populist attitudes and three concepts often associated with populism, which we ascribed to the domain of the emotional symbolizations of the political world: alienation, powerlessness, and protest voting. Alienation reflects passive estrangement from politics, while powerlessness fuels citizens’ potential resentment, leading to protest voting as a reaction. By emphasizing the relationship between citizens and politics, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the socio-cultural and psychological drivers of populist attitudes, disentangling the concept of “populism” from the risk of reified stances. We underscore that approaching this phenomenon within its broader dynamic can provide an innovative perspective. We call for further contextual approaches to enhance theoretical insights and inform practical strategies to address populism’s disruptive effects. Full article
15 pages, 1065 KiB  
Review
The Cultural “Blood Ties” Between Medical Anthropology and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review
by Davide Costa and Raffaele Serra
Societies 2025, 15(4), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040097 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 120
Abstract
Background: Medical anthropology is a subfield that examines the various factors influencing health, disease, illness, and sickness. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders affecting the heart, arteries, and veins. Patients with CVD face significant, unique health challenges, including functional decline, repeated [...] Read more.
Background: Medical anthropology is a subfield that examines the various factors influencing health, disease, illness, and sickness. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders affecting the heart, arteries, and veins. Patients with CVD face significant, unique health challenges, including functional decline, repeated hospitalizations, and psychological and social issues, which contribute to a global decline in health and escalate health system costs. Medical anthropologists have explored this extensive category of diseases in numerous ways, including cross-cultural studies that enhance our understanding of these conditions. Therefore, building on these preliminary insights, this article posed the following research question: How does medical anthropology enhance our understanding, prevention, and management of cardiovascular diseases through cultural, social, and behavioral lenses? Methods: This study examined the research question through a narrative literature review. Results: The literature analysis revealed connections between medical anthropology and specific CVDs: heart disease, hypertension, arterial disease, venous disease, and wound care. Conclusions: The findings from the literature analysis indicate what could be described as the cultural “blood ties” between medical anthropology and cardiovascular disease. In this manner, in the spirit of integration, inter-, and transdisciplinarity, it is increasingly necessary to incorporate mixed-method approaches drawing from both the anthropological and medical fields to better deliver tailored care. Full article
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12 pages, 214 KiB  
Review
User Spatial Content in Social Research: Approaches, Opportunities, and Challenges
by Ciro Clemente De Falco
Societies 2025, 15(4), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040096 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 75
Abstract
The availability of user-generated spatial data (user spatial content, USC) has transformed social science research, enabling the real-time, large-scale exploration of socio-spatial dynamics. This article traces the evolution from volunteered geographic information (VGI) to USC, highlighting their multidimensional nature and epistemological significance. Brief [...] Read more.
The availability of user-generated spatial data (user spatial content, USC) has transformed social science research, enabling the real-time, large-scale exploration of socio-spatial dynamics. This article traces the evolution from volunteered geographic information (VGI) to USC, highlighting their multidimensional nature and epistemological significance. Brief examples underscore USC’s potential for capturing the interplay between territorial factors, digital activity, and social phenomena, ranging from mapping urban vitality to tracking large-scale crises. However, the recent tightening of data access in the post-API era demands a rethinking of research approaches. Alternatives such as data donation, dedicated applications, and geoparsing can maintain the viability of USC-driven analyses. Overall, this article underlines the need for diversified, ethical, and methodologically sound strategies to harness USC’s value in understanding the digitally intertwined realities of contemporary society. Full article
31 pages, 2653 KiB  
Concept Paper
From Social Sciences to Urban Praxis: A Critical Synthesis of Historical–Contextual Inquiry and Analysis in Urban Studies
by Hisham Abusaada and Abeer Elshater
Societies 2025, 15(4), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040095 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 300
Abstract
This concept paper introduces the Contextual Critical Historical Inquiry and Analysis (CCHIA) framework—a critical synthesis tool designed to advance historical contextual inquiry in urban studies. The study aims to develop a structured methodological framework that integrates historical and critical approaches to enhance the [...] Read more.
This concept paper introduces the Contextual Critical Historical Inquiry and Analysis (CCHIA) framework—a critical synthesis tool designed to advance historical contextual inquiry in urban studies. The study aims to develop a structured methodological framework that integrates historical and critical approaches to enhance the analysis of urban phenomena. To develop this framework, we employed a two-fold strategy, conducting a literature search of the social sciences and urban studies using databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, JSTOR, and Scopus. First, we screened Google Scholar to identify relevant scholars and works published between 1883 and 2024. Second, a content analysis of 58 peer-reviewed articles (2000–2024) was then performed. The concept paper follows a five-stage, 26-step framework integrating four history-focused concepts—interpretive history, historical perspective, historical context, and historical contextualization—alongside three critical approaches: critical discourse analysis, comparative historical analysis, and critical urban theory. By synthesizing these elements, the suggested framework equips researchers to systematically decode the historical and societal forces shaping urban phenomena. CCHIA challenges traditional urban scholarship by leveraging interdisciplinary insights from the social sciences, addressing context as a theoretical perspective for understanding urban formation, and as a critical influence on academic writing. The contribution of CCHIA lies in linking historical analysis to contemporary urban challenges—enabling researchers to focus on previous literature analysis findings to address the current situation’s challenges. The CCHIA framework offers an adaptable toolkit for producing socially engaged and context-sensitive urban textbooks. Full article
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18 pages, 542 KiB  
Article
More than Just a Roof: Solutions to Better Support Families from Homelessness to Healing
by Athina Spiropoulos, Patricia Desjardine, Jocelyn Adamo, Rukhsaar Daya, Lisa Zaretsky and Katrina Milaney
Societies 2025, 15(4), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040094 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 86
Abstract
Homelessness for families in Alberta, Canada, is a growing concern despite an abundance of research and continued support for Housing First programs, and the consequences can be severe. This study used a descriptive qualitative design to examine the experiences of families currently living [...] Read more.
Homelessness for families in Alberta, Canada, is a growing concern despite an abundance of research and continued support for Housing First programs, and the consequences can be severe. This study used a descriptive qualitative design to examine the experiences of families currently living in or that have a history of homelessness with the goal of developing recommendations to improve system coordination. Participants included parents who had at least one dependent child while homeless (n = 15) and staff who were currently working at a homeless support service (n = 18). Interviews were analyzed using a thematic inductive approach and integrated using functional narrative analysis. Four themes emerged: (1) Housing as a Foundation for Success in Other Domains; (2) Challenges with System Navigation: A Door Within a Door Within a Door; (3) Services’ Contributions to Trauma; and (4) Exposure to Social Bias and Stigma Within Services. We posit several recommendations for policy and service delivery which focus on finding “homes” and building community connections, enhancing Housing First program models, expanding on existing trauma-informed approaches, and prioritizing system-level change. Full article
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20 pages, 646 KiB  
Review
The Labor Market Challenges and Coping Strategies of Highly Skilled Second-Generation Immigrants in Europe: A Scoping Review
by Noa Achouche
Societies 2025, 15(4), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040093 - 2 Apr 2025
Viewed by 83
Abstract
This scoping review investigates the labor market challenges and coping strategies of highly skilled second-generation immigrants in Europe who, despite their educational and professional accomplishments, face persistent barriers related to ethnic, cultural, and religious identities. Synthesizing existing literature, the review examines obstacles to [...] Read more.
This scoping review investigates the labor market challenges and coping strategies of highly skilled second-generation immigrants in Europe who, despite their educational and professional accomplishments, face persistent barriers related to ethnic, cultural, and religious identities. Synthesizing existing literature, the review examines obstacles to the economic integration of highly educated children of immigrants, highlighting both their perceptions of these barriers and the adaptive strategies they employ. A systematic search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost to identify studies published between 2010 and 2024. The selection process followed a structured five-stage framework, including defining research questions, identifying and selecting relevant studies, charting the data, and synthesizing findings. A total of 1192 records were initially identified, with 1022 retained after duplicate removal. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 68 studies were included in the review. Findings indicate that hiring discrimination, occupational segregation, and exclusion from elite professional networks remain key barriers, particularly for those of Muslim background. Despite achieving professional success, many continue to encounter symbolic boundaries that limit career advancement. In response, second-generation professionals adopt various coping strategies, including ethnic niche formation, entrepreneurship, and transnational mobility, to navigate labor market disadvantages. Challenging traditional assimilation narratives, findings reveal that professional success does not guarantee societal acceptance, as ethnic and cultural identities continue to pose significant barriers. The review concludes by identifying key research gaps, advocating for further exploration of organizational practices that perpetuate ethnic inequalities within high-skill professions, and examining transnational mobility as a coping strategy for second-generation elites. Future research should explore how gender and ethnicity intersect to shape career trajectories for second-generation women. Additionally, expanding research beyond the predominant focus on Muslim professionals to include other religious and ethnic groups would provide a more comprehensive understanding of how identity markers influence labor market outcomes. Finally, as demographic shifts reshape European labor markets, comparative studies should assess how different institutional and cultural frameworks influence patterns of inclusion and exclusion for highly skilled second-generation professionals. Full article
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17 pages, 508 KiB  
Article
Analyzing Career Counseling and Guidance Services Among Romanian Universities: A Quantitative Approach to Students’ Perception
by Claudiu Coman, Anna Bucs, Marian Dalban and Cristina Gavriluță
Societies 2025, 15(4), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040092 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 120
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate Romanian university students’ perceptions of career counseling and guidance (CCG) services provided in 2022–2023. A quantitative methodology was employed, analyzing survey data (n = 7402 respondents from 18 universities) to explore awareness of, utilization of, and satisfaction [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate Romanian university students’ perceptions of career counseling and guidance (CCG) services provided in 2022–2023. A quantitative methodology was employed, analyzing survey data (n = 7402 respondents from 18 universities) to explore awareness of, utilization of, and satisfaction with such services. Data analysis via SPSS included descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation), bivariate correlations (Pearson, Spearman), and Chi-Square tests to identify significant relationships between variables, such as academic year, knowledge of CCG staff/services, and overall service evaluation. Preliminary results suggest low rates of CCG awareness and use, highlighting a disparity between student needs and available resources. This study contributes to understanding the Romanian CCG context by integrating theoretical perspectives from the international literature on dropout prevention, workforce adaptability in the digital age, and higher education quality assurance models. Limitations regarding reliance on secondary data and subjective response biases are discussed, and directions for future research aimed at improving CCG efficacy and student career transition support are proposed. Complete findings will be presented in the full work, providing an empirical foundation for CCG policy and strategy development aimed at enhancing career guidance services in Romanian higher education. Full article
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12 pages, 5345 KiB  
Article
Creation of Educational Technology Resources to Raise Awareness of Gender Violence Through a Service Learning Project
by Vanesa Delgado-Benito, Sonia Rodríguez-Cano, Miguel Ángel García-Delgado, Paula Puente-Torre, Vanesa Ausín-Villaverde and Víctor Abella-García
Societies 2025, 15(4), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040091 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 73
Abstract
This contribution is part of the Service Learning (SL) project “Abre tus ojos” (Open your eyes), whose main objective is to contribute to the coeducation and gender violence awareness of future education professionals. In line with the dimensions of sustainable human development, the [...] Read more.
This contribution is part of the Service Learning (SL) project “Abre tus ojos” (Open your eyes), whose main objective is to contribute to the coeducation and gender violence awareness of future education professionals. In line with the dimensions of sustainable human development, the actions developed in this SL project are directly related to helping people and groups in need. Students from different courses at the Faculty of Education of the University of Burgos have been involved in the training activities of an Association for Assistance to Victims of Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence (ADAVAS Burgos) through the design of technological educational resources that contribute to raising awareness of gender violence. As a result of the project, a web repository has been created with technological educational resources created by the students (videos, infographics, stories, games). This repository is open access and is presented as a resource contributing to the goal of Sustainable Development Goal (SDP) in relation to gender equality. Full article
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17 pages, 565 KiB  
Article
Beyond Accessibility Compliance: Exploring the Role of Information on Apparel Shopping Websites for the Blind and Visually Impaired
by Emma Nicoson and Jung Ha-Brookshire
Societies 2025, 15(4), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040090 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 98
Abstract
In response to increasing numbers of people switching from offline to online shopping after the COVID-19 pandemic, this study sought to obtain an in-depth understanding of apparel website design and digital accessibility for all people, including people with visual impairments (PVI). Given the [...] Read more.
In response to increasing numbers of people switching from offline to online shopping after the COVID-19 pandemic, this study sought to obtain an in-depth understanding of apparel website design and digital accessibility for all people, including people with visual impairments (PVI). Given the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Article 9, which mandates that all 191 international parties take measures to ensure people with disabilities have equal access to information and communication technology, this study explored the challenges PVI face while accessing informational content about apparel products online. To achieve this goal, Culnan’s dimensions of perceived accessibility to information, a lens for understanding how consumers experience and evaluate the accessibility of information systems, were used as the theoretical framework. We applied phenomenological methods to explore the daily “lived experience” in depth through observations and semi-structured interviews with eight female participants in their 20 s to 60 s, each lasting more than 45 min. Based on thematic analysis, the findings highlighted the unmet website meta descriptions for product information and navigation functionality for assistive technology, which, as a result, negatively impacts digital accessibility for PVI to shop online for apparel. The study concludes with contributions that extend the theoretical framework to the digital landscape, addresses the gap of inclusive digital apparel retailing practices, and emphasizes the opportunities for apparel educators to incorporate an inclusive design curriculum. Full article
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17 pages, 237 KiB  
Article
Journalists’ Perspectives on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Quality Journalism in Greek Local Media
by Zoi Palla and Ioanna Kostarella
Societies 2025, 15(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040089 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 196
Abstract
The transformative influence of digitalization on journalism is evident across multiple dimensions of the industry. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping how news is produced, distributed, and consumed, from small local newsrooms to global media organizations, offering benefits such as increased speed, efficiency, and [...] Read more.
The transformative influence of digitalization on journalism is evident across multiple dimensions of the industry. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping how news is produced, distributed, and consumed, from small local newsrooms to global media organizations, offering benefits such as increased speed, efficiency, and personalization. However, the most critical role AI can play lies in upholding the high standards of accuracy, credibility, and depth that define quality journalism. The ongoing digital transformation prompts a re-evaluation of journalistic norms and practices, positioning quality at the forefront of discussions. This paper focuses on Greece’s media market that encountered a severe economic crisis and, more specifically, to the Greek local media landscape to investigate the complex relationship between AI and journalism in regional media organizations. More specific, the study explores how Greek local journalists believe AI can contribute to quality journalism, while upholding the core principles of ethics and integrity. It highlights their perspectives on AI, exploring both their hopes for its potential to improve journalistic practices and their concerns about its impact on journalistic values. Through semi-structured interviews with local media industry stakeholders in Greece—including editors, editors-in-chief, and journalists—this study assesses AI’s influence on journalistic quality in local newsrooms. The findings underscore the necessity of employing AI to elevate content standards rather than compromise them. Our research contributes to the discourse on AI in journalism and offers valuable insights for journalists, local news organizations, and policymakers navigating the ethical implications of AI adoption in the pursuit of high-quality journalism in Greek local media. Full article
31 pages, 448 KiB  
Review
Industrial Revolutions and Automation: Tracing Economic and Social Transformations of Manufacturing
by Bence Márk Szeszák, István Gergely Kerékjártó, László Soltész and Péter Galambos
Societies 2025, 15(4), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040088 - 29 Mar 2025
Viewed by 221
Abstract
The rapid evolution of automation has become a defining phenomenon of the modern era, underscoring its great influence on industries and economies. Since the First Industrial Revolution, advancements in technology have consistently transformed manufacturing processes, progressively introducing mechanization, electrification, and digitalization. The current [...] Read more.
The rapid evolution of automation has become a defining phenomenon of the modern era, underscoring its great influence on industries and economies. Since the First Industrial Revolution, advancements in technology have consistently transformed manufacturing processes, progressively introducing mechanization, electrification, and digitalization. The current Fifth Industrial Revolution incorporates these changes through the integration of robotics, cobots (collaborative robots), and AI-driven (Artificial Intelligence) systems, representing unprecedented levels of human–machine collaboration. This paper examines the historical evolution of automation and industrial robotics and, based on the current state of the art, highlights the current standing of its economic and societal impacts. The adoption of automation and robotization in the supply chain and manufacturing has significantly enhanced productivity and precision, reducing errors and operational costs. However, it has also contributed to job displacement, especially in repetitive and manual tasks, necessitating the reskilling of the human workforce. Automation brings two main financial effects: it reduces long-term labor costs and boosts efficiency, but the upfront investments in advanced robotics and infrastructure are significant. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by automation, which ensures a balanced approach to economic growth, workforce development, and technological adoption across all sectors influenced by successive industrial revolutions. Full article
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15 pages, 238 KiB  
Article
A Qualitative Study on the Role of Social Determinants of Health in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
by Davide Costa, Nicola Ielapi, Pietro Marino, Roberto Minici, Giulio Accarino, Ashour Michael, Teresa Faga, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Michele Andreucci and Raffaele Serra
Societies 2025, 15(4), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040087 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 138
Abstract
Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a growing public health problem due to its high and increasing prevalence worldwide. PAD is responsible for several severe complications that affect the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. Social determinants of health (SDHs) cover five [...] Read more.
Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a growing public health problem due to its high and increasing prevalence worldwide. PAD is responsible for several severe complications that affect the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. Social determinants of health (SDHs) cover five areas: economic stability, education access, and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context. This study aims to investigate SDHs-related outcomes to better understand their potential role in the lives of patients with PAD. Methods: A qualitative study has been conducted using semi-structured interviews to understand the role of SDHs in patients with PAD. Braun and Clarke’s method was used to guide the qualitative analysis of the data. Results: Twenty-seven patients were recruited to receive the interview, including twelve males (44.44%) and fifteen females (55.56%), with a mean age of 63.3 years old (a range of 50–87 years old). SDHs related to the five areas investigated significantly impacted PAD patient diagnosis and outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that physicians and vascular surgeons should consider SDHs impairments to recognize vulnerable patient populations and tailor treatment methods and follow-up protocols to their specific needs. Full article
7 pages, 164 KiB  
Editorial
Introduction to ‘Gender, Sexuality, and State Violence: International Perspectives on Institutional and Intersectional Justice’
by Ladan Rahbari, Conny Roggeband and Kristina Kolbe
Societies 2025, 15(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040086 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 247
Abstract
The term ‘state violence’ has been used to refer to a wide range of actions across many disciplines, from the interrogation of prisoners and torture to institutional discrimination against specific groups and the denial of access to equal rights and resources [...] Full article
21 pages, 519 KiB  
Article
Representativeness in Employment Relations and in Sociological Theories
by Peter Kerckhofs and Jef C. Verhoeven
Societies 2025, 15(4), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040085 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 398
Abstract
In the democratic structure of the EU (European Union) the representation of employers and employees is seen as an important element for the development of the economy. It is not sufficient to have a representation of these groups, but the representation of these [...] Read more.
In the democratic structure of the EU (European Union) the representation of employers and employees is seen as an important element for the development of the economy. It is not sufficient to have a representation of these groups, but the representation of these groups is also expected to be representative. Representativeness is often seen as an equal proportional distribution of the representatives of different groups that have to be represented. Nevertheless, representativeness can also be differently approached. In this article, we examine whether sociological paradigms can help us to get a more nuanced picture of representativeness in employment relations. For this purpose, we present in paradigms developed by Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, Robert K. Merton, Talcott Parsons, and Jürgen Habermas and the exchange theory and symbolic interactionism. Subsequently, we apply these principles on some employment relations in the EU. And we finish with a discussion and conclusion, in which we support the use of a richer concept of representativeness as it is shown in some sociological paradigms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment Relations in the Era of Industry 4.0)
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12 pages, 721 KiB  
Concept Paper
Empowering and Promoting Children’s Rights by Implementing Skills Labs Using Engaging Learning Activities
by Charikleia Pitsou, Ioannis G. Katsantonis, Argyrios Katsantonis and Georgios S. Gorozidis
Societies 2025, 15(4), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040084 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 636
Abstract
Despite the efforts to advance children’s rights’ protection, many children’s rights are still not respected in many places. This makes it more necessary than ever to raise the awareness of children’s rights and prepare new generations of students to protect children’s rights via [...] Read more.
Despite the efforts to advance children’s rights’ protection, many children’s rights are still not respected in many places. This makes it more necessary than ever to raise the awareness of children’s rights and prepare new generations of students to protect children’s rights via empowering them to engage in activism. Drawing upon human rights education (HRE) models in conjunction with UNICEF’s methodologies, and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the current conceptual article suggests that by designing theoretically based engaging and meaningful learning activities, teachers can address the goals of HRE by raising the awareness of children’s rights, fostering accountability, and encouraging students to engage in activism to protect children’s rights. First, this article outlines a conceptual framework for designing meaningful and engaging learning activities within an adapted HRE model, combining the elements of HRE and UNICEF. Next, the educational innovation of Skills Labs in Greek education is introduced, and the TPB’s foundation on designing learning activities is briefly explained. To clarify our proposal, three sample Skills Labs with example learning activities are presented, adhering to the three main HRE objectives of gaining knowledge–taking responsibility–taking action to protect and consolidate children’s rights. Finally, this article explains the mechanism of how the TPB can support the effectiveness of this proposition and concludes with some important implications for practice. Full article
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18 pages, 217 KiB  
Article
Bridging Cultural Gaps: Insights from Communication in Migrant-Inclusive Cultural Initiatives
by Vanessa Cesário and Pedro Campos
Societies 2025, 15(4), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040083 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 155
Abstract
This research offers an in-depth analysis of participatory cultural projects engaging migrant communities across six distinct European locations. By interviewing the Principal Investigators (PIs) of these projects, this study examines technology’s dual role as both facilitator and barrier, alongside the critical role of [...] Read more.
This research offers an in-depth analysis of participatory cultural projects engaging migrant communities across six distinct European locations. By interviewing the Principal Investigators (PIs) of these projects, this study examines technology’s dual role as both facilitator and barrier, alongside the critical role of human facilitators in fostering trust and sustainable engagement. It highlights the nuanced dynamics of power relations and the reluctance of participants to voice challenges, which can impede participation. Despite these hurdles, the research reveals the transformative impact of innovative approaches in working with vulnerable populations. The findings contribute to the fields of Social Sciences and Communication Sciences, stressing the importance of culturally sensitive technological practices, digital literacy programs, and sustainable, modular communication frameworks. These insights underscore the complex interplay between technology, societal integration, and community engagement, aiming to inform and enhance future cultural endeavors through tailored, empathetic approaches. Full article
18 pages, 537 KiB  
Article
Unlocking Tourist Motivations in a Smart Tourism Destination: An Application of the Push–Pull Theory
by Sergio Nieves-Pavón, Natalia López-Mosquera and Manuel Jesús Sánchez González
Societies 2025, 15(4), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040082 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 317
Abstract
This study employs the push–pull theory to analyze tourism motivations (push and pull), perceived risk (financial risk and perceived risk), perceived value, educational level and smartphone usage and their effect on willingness to pay (WTP) and electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) behavioural intentions in Smart [...] Read more.
This study employs the push–pull theory to analyze tourism motivations (push and pull), perceived risk (financial risk and perceived risk), perceived value, educational level and smartphone usage and their effect on willingness to pay (WTP) and electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) behavioural intentions in Smart Tourism Destinations (STDs). With a significant sample of 504 respondents in the STD of Cáceres, the push–pull theory is used to assess its impact on smartphone usage. Results reveal that motivations, financial risk, perceived value and educational level positively affect smartphone usage, directly influencing WTP and E-WOM. Managers are advised to prioritize privacy in mobile payments, implement security services against financial risks and promote specialized applications and encourage the personalization of offers through artificial intelligence. Understanding these variables, which explain 41.5% of WTP and 65.8% of E-WOM, provides a basis for strategic decision-making in STDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embodiment and Engagement of Tourism with Social Sustainability)
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19 pages, 573 KiB  
Article
Clustering Residents’ Perception and Support of Urban Rally Tourism: The Sierra Morena Rally in Córdoba, Spain
by José E. Ramos-Ruiz, Inmaculada Jiménez-Manchado, Marianys Fernández and Manuel Rivera-Mateos
Societies 2025, 15(4), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040081 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 283
Abstract
Sports events hold significant importance for host territories, influencing their economic, social, and environmental dynamics. These events generate diverse impacts that shape residents’ perceptions and subsequent support, which are crucial for ensuring long-term success. However, the study of motorsports, particularly rally events at [...] Read more.
Sports events hold significant importance for host territories, influencing their economic, social, and environmental dynamics. These events generate diverse impacts that shape residents’ perceptions and subsequent support, which are crucial for ensuring long-term success. However, the study of motorsports, particularly rally events at the national championship level, remains underexplored, despite their capacity to attract tourism and foster regional development. This study adopts a quantitative approach, employing a survey of 753 responses collected during the urban track of the 2024 Sierra Morena Rally in Córdoba, Spain. Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and non-hierarchical Cluster Analysis, residents were segmented based on their perceptions of impacts—touristic, economic, social, environmental, and urban—and their support for the event. The analysis identified three resident clusters: Reluctant Beneficiaries, Pragmatic Resigned, and Convinced Optimists. These groups exhibited varying levels of perceived positive and negative impacts, with significant differences in their support for the rally. The findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of resident perceptions and support for non-mega motorsports events, highlighting the importance of tailored communication strategies and anticipation of the impacts generated. This study addresses existing knowledge gaps by segmenting residents regarding their perception and support for a national-level urban rally event for the first time in the existing academic literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Urban Culture and Local Development)
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13 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Volunteer Management in Sports Tourism Events: Motivation and Satisfaction as Drivers for Repeat Participation
by Hélio Antunes, Ana Rodrigues, Bebiana Sabino, Élvio Gouveia and Helder Lopes
Societies 2025, 15(4), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040080 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 280
Abstract
Effective volunteer management in sports tourism events depends on understanding motivations, segmenting profiles, and fostering satisfaction to ensure continuity and event success. The purpose of this study was to examine volunteer motivation, investigate differences in motivation based on gender and age, and identify [...] Read more.
Effective volunteer management in sports tourism events depends on understanding motivations, segmenting profiles, and fostering satisfaction to ensure continuity and event success. The purpose of this study was to examine volunteer motivation, investigate differences in motivation based on gender and age, and identify key predictors of the intention to continue volunteering. The sample consisted of 390 participants (199 men, 191 women) aged from 18 to 68 who volunteered for the Madeira Island Ultra Trail (MIUT) and completed a survey one week following the event. Seven motivational dimensions were assessed using a questionnaire: community participation, personal development, job opportunities, volunteering tradition, esteem, egoism, and personal experiences. The results show that community participation (4.00 ± 0.79) and personal experiences (3.62 ± 0.82) were the most valued motivations, while job opportunities were the least valued (2.04 ± 1.05). Gender differences were found in some dimensions, with women generally rating motivations higher, except for job opportunities. Age also influenced motivation, with younger participants (<35 years) showing higher ratings for most dimensions. A multiple linear regression analysis identified community participation (ß = 0.311; p < 0.001), personal experiences (ß = 0.289; p < 0.001), egoism (ß = −0.215; p = 0.006), volunteering tradition (ß = 0.126; p = 0.023), and age (ß = 0.133; p < 0.001) as significant predictors of the intention to repeat volunteering. The findings highlight the role of volunteers in promoting the event and the region as a sports tourism destination, emphasizing the importance of volunteer retention for event and destination success. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Urban Culture and Local Development)
18 pages, 243 KiB  
Article
Sextagram: Evaluating an Italian Instagram-Based Health Campaign Against AIDS
by Pina Lalli and Claudia Capelli
Societies 2025, 15(4), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040079 - 26 Mar 2025
Viewed by 165
Abstract
The use of social media for disseminating health information to adolescents and young adults has garnered significant ttention, showing promising results. Younger audiences increasingly prefer social media and mobile aggregators for their informative needs, considering these platforms reliable sources, particularly for sexual health [...] Read more.
The use of social media for disseminating health information to adolescents and young adults has garnered significant ttention, showing promising results. Younger audiences increasingly prefer social media and mobile aggregators for their informative needs, considering these platforms reliable sources, particularly for sexual health and general health topics. This paper discusses the findings of a two-year project conducted in Italy—in collaboration with a group of non-profit organizations—funded by The Ministry of Health, intending to explore social media-based health communication strategies aimed at prevention for individuals aged 18 to 25. The objective was to leverage Instagram to engage young people, enhancing awareness about the risks of STIs and HIV/AIDS and promoting preventive behaviors. By analyzing two contrasting perspectives on health communication methods and the results in terms of engagement metrics and user feedback in the chosen profile, the study provides insights into social approaches for health communication and social representations of sexuality in the digital age, demonstrating risks and advantages of the use of platforms to influence health knowledge among young audiences. Full article
38 pages, 3682 KiB  
Concept Paper
Applying Contextualism: From Urban Formation to Textual Representation
by Abeer Elshater and Hisham Abusaada
Societies 2025, 15(4), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040078 - 25 Mar 2025
Viewed by 685
Abstract
This study presents the theoretical depth of urban research by proposing a four-stage contextual conceptual guide for integrating historical and societal contextual factors within the nexus of time and space. Addressing a critical gap in urban research, it focuses on early career researchers [...] Read more.
This study presents the theoretical depth of urban research by proposing a four-stage contextual conceptual guide for integrating historical and societal contextual factors within the nexus of time and space. Addressing a critical gap in urban research, it focuses on early career researchers (ECRs), who often struggle to systematically incorporate contextual dimensions into their academic writing, particularly in theoretical discussions. The first two stages establish a foundation through historical inquiry and thematic analysis. These two stages also reveal how context is conceptualized across disciplines and highlight its active role in shaping human knowledge. Stage one examines the role of context in academic writing by analyzing six influential 20th-century thinkers (1900–2000). Stage two maps contemporary perspectives through a directed content analysis of 14 scholars (2000–2024) and six pivotal scholars in the social sciences. The third stage identified four interconnected factors that shape contextual interpretations: key concepts, context components, contextual factors, and thinkers’ contributions. These factors explain how context functions as an active and integral force for understanding texts, historical events, and linguistic phenomena. This stage also highlights four broader contextual factors: historical and societal contextual factors, conditions driving urban transformations, influential social dynamics, and inherent challenges that emerge from critical scholars’ analysis. The final stage operationalizes these insights into five fundamental guidelines for embedding contextual factors into high-quality academic writing, particularly in urban research. This calls for theorists to develop practical guidance for integrating context and text into academic writing by enhancing the theoretical depth, analytical consistency, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Full article
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25 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
School Innovation: Building a Culture Through Leadership and Stakeholder Engagement
by Khadeegha Alzouebi, Dua Yousif Al Hammadi, Ahmed Ankit and Othman Abu Khurma
Societies 2025, 15(4), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040077 - 24 Mar 2025
Viewed by 172
Abstract
Background: Innovation in education is essential for fostering improved learning outcomes, operation efficiency and school excellence. Many challenges persist due to due to gaps in leadership strategies, limited stakeholder engagement, and inadequate professional development opportunities. This study explores the role of school principals [...] Read more.
Background: Innovation in education is essential for fostering improved learning outcomes, operation efficiency and school excellence. Many challenges persist due to due to gaps in leadership strategies, limited stakeholder engagement, and inadequate professional development opportunities. This study explores the role of school principals in promoting a culture of innovation in private schools in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Methods: A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing an electronic questionnaire to examine how school leaders drive innovation. The study explores the correlation between a culture of innovation and five key elements: school leadership performance, relationships with students and parents, school activities and programs, the overall school environment, and principals’ demographic factors. An innovation assessment tool measured the level of innovation across selected schools. Results: By identifying key school performance weaknesses, this study aims to provide insights that can help school principals enhance their leadership practices and cultivate a thriving culture of innovation within their institutions. Conclusions: The findings contribute to understanding teachers’ and staff members’ propensity to innovate under effective school leadership. Full article
19 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Predicting Cultural Acceptance Among Students in Thailand’s Southern Border Provinces: Key Influencing Factors
by Punya Tepsing, Kasetchai Laeheem and Buskorn Komontree
Societies 2025, 15(4), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040076 - 23 Mar 2025
Viewed by 228
Abstract
(1) Background: Thailand’s three southern border provinces face challenges in fostering cultural acceptance due to historical conflicts and religious influences. Promoting understanding through schools and families is crucial for reducing tensions and building harmony. This research aimed to examine the relationships among key [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Thailand’s three southern border provinces face challenges in fostering cultural acceptance due to historical conflicts and religious influences. Promoting understanding through schools and families is crucial for reducing tensions and building harmony. This research aimed to examine the relationships among key factors influencing students’ behavior in accepting cultural differences within the multicultural social context of Thailand’s three southern border provinces. (2) Methods: Data were collected through a survey of 601 student samples and analyzed using computer software to calculate Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression coefficients. (3) Results: The research results found six predictors that significantly predicted students’ behavior in accepting cultural differences in the multicultural social context of Thailand’s three southern border provinces at a 0.001 significance level. These predictors were as follows: religious guidance (X1), attitudes toward cultural differences (X4), student–peer relationships (X6), understanding of cultural differences (X5), student–teacher relationships (X7), and encouragement to perform religious practices (X3). (4) Conclusions: Six predictors, including religious guidance, attitudes, and relationships, explained 45.7% of behavior fostering cultural diversity. The findings highlight the vital roles of religion and interpersonal connections in promoting acceptance. Full article
15 pages, 243 KiB  
Article
Technological Culture and Politics: Artificial Intelligence as the New Frontier of Political Communication
by Daniele Battista and Emiliana Mangone
Societies 2025, 15(4), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040075 - 23 Mar 2025
Viewed by 617
Abstract
Technological developments with the rapid and significant advances related to artificial intelligence (AI) have generated a broad debate on political, social, and ethical impacts, raising important questions that require multidisciplinary analysis and investigation. One of the issues under discussion is whether the integration [...] Read more.
Technological developments with the rapid and significant advances related to artificial intelligence (AI) have generated a broad debate on political, social, and ethical impacts, raising important questions that require multidisciplinary analysis and investigation. One of the issues under discussion is whether the integration of AI in the political context represents a promising opportunity to improve the efficiency of democratic participation and policy-making processes, as well as increase institutional accountability. The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical reflection that allows us to fully understand the implications and potential consequences of the application of AI in the political field without neglecting its social and ethical effects: can such uses really be considered democratic, or do they represent a dangerous trend of using algorithms for manipulative purposes? To achieve this, a deductive approach will be adopted based on theories, imaginaries, and expectations concerning AI in the specific context of politics. Through this type of analysis, knowledge will contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamics related to the use of AI in politics by offering a critical perspective and a picture of the different connections. Full article
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