Societies

15 pages, 434 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Qualitative Study on the Role of Social Determinants of Health in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

by Davide Costa, Nicola Ielapi, Pietro Marino, Roberto Minici, Giulio Accarino, Ashour Michael, Teresa Faga, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Michele Andreucci and Raffaele Serra

Societies 2025, 15(4), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040087 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2025

Abstract

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a growing public health problem due to its high and increasing prevalence worldwide. PAD is responsible for several severe complications that affect the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. Social determinants of health (SDHs) cover five [...] Read more.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a growing public health problem due to its high and increasing prevalence worldwide. PAD is responsible for several severe complications that affect the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. Social determinants of health (SDHs) cover five areas: economic stability, education access, and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context. This study aims to investigate SDHs-related outcomes to better understand their potential role in the lives of patients with PAD. Methods: A qualitative study has been conducted using semi-structured interviews to understand the role of SDHs in patients with PAD. Braun and Clarke’s method was used to guide the qualitative analysis of the data. Results: Twenty-seven patients were recruited to receive the interview, including twelve males (44.44%) and fifteen females (55.56%), with a mean age of 63.3 years old (a range of 50–87 years old). SDHs related to the five areas investigated significantly impacted PAD patient diagnosis and outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that physicians and vascular surgeons should consider SDHs impairments to recognize vulnerable patient populations and tailor treatment methods and follow-up protocols to their specific needs. Full article

7 pages, 164 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Introduction to ‘Gender, Sexuality, and State Violence: International Perspectives on Institutional and Intersectional Justice’

by Ladan Rahbari, Conny Roggeband and Kristina Kolbe

Societies 2025, 15(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040086 - 28 Mar 2025

Viewed by 81

Abstract

The term ‘state violence’ has been used to refer to a wide range of actions across many disciplines, from the interrogation of prisoners and torture to institutional discrimination against specific groups and the denial of access to equal rights and resources [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender, Sexuality, and State Violence: International Perspectives on Institutional and Intersectional Justice)

21 pages, 519 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Representativeness in Employment Relations and in Sociological Theories

by Peter Kerckhofs and Jef C. Verhoeven

Societies 2025, 15(4), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040085 - 27 Mar 2025

Viewed by 178

Abstract

In the democratic structure of the EU (European Union) the representation of employers and employees is seen as an important element for the development of the economy. It is not sufficient to have a representation of these groups, but the representation of these [...] Read more.

In the democratic structure of the EU (European Union) the representation of employers and employees is seen as an important element for the development of the economy. It is not sufficient to have a representation of these groups, but the representation of these groups is also expected to be representative. Representativeness is often seen as an equal proportional distribution of the representatives of different groups that have to be represented. Nevertheless, representativeness can also be differently approached. In this article, we examine whether sociological paradigms can help us to get a more nuanced picture of representativeness in employment relations. For this purpose, we present in paradigms developed by Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, Robert K. Merton, Talcott Parsons, and Jürgen Habermas and the exchange theory and symbolic interactionism. Subsequently, we apply these principles on some employment relations in the EU. And we finish with a discussion and conclusion, in which we support the use of a richer concept of representativeness as it is shown in some sociological paradigms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employment Relations in the Era of Industry 4.0)

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12 pages, 721 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

Empowering and Promoting Children’s Rights by Implementing Skills Labs Using Engaging Learning Activities

by Charikleia Pitsou, Ioannis G. Katsantonis, Argyrios Katsantonis and Georgios S. Gorozidis

Societies 2025, 15(4), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040084 - 27 Mar 2025

Viewed by 236

Abstract

Despite the efforts to advance children’s rights’ protection, many children’s rights are still not respected in many places. This makes it more necessary than ever to raise the awareness of children’s rights and prepare new generations of students to protect children’s rights via [...] Read more.

Despite the efforts to advance children’s rights’ protection, many children’s rights are still not respected in many places. This makes it more necessary than ever to raise the awareness of children’s rights and prepare new generations of students to protect children’s rights via empowering them to engage in activism. Drawing upon human rights education (HRE) models in conjunction with UNICEF’s methodologies, and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the current conceptual article suggests that by designing theoretically based engaging and meaningful learning activities, teachers can address the goals of HRE by raising the awareness of children’s rights, fostering accountability, and encouraging students to engage in activism to protect children’s rights. First, this article outlines a conceptual framework for designing meaningful and engaging learning activities within an adapted HRE model, combining the elements of HRE and UNICEF. Next, the educational innovation of Skills Labs in Greek education is introduced, and the TPB’s foundation on designing learning activities is briefly explained. To clarify our proposal, three sample Skills Labs with example learning activities are presented, adhering to the three main HRE objectives of gaining knowledge–taking responsibility–taking action to protect and consolidate children’s rights. Finally, this article explains the mechanism of how the TPB can support the effectiveness of this proposition and concludes with some important implications for practice. Full article

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18 pages, 217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bridging Cultural Gaps: Insights from Communication in Migrant-Inclusive Cultural Initiatives

by Vanessa Cesário and Pedro Campos

Societies 2025, 15(4), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040083 - 27 Mar 2025

Viewed by 87

Abstract

This research offers an in-depth analysis of participatory cultural projects engaging migrant communities across six distinct European locations. By interviewing the Principal Investigators (PIs) of these projects, this study examines technology’s dual role as both facilitator and barrier, alongside the critical role of [...] Read more.

This research offers an in-depth analysis of participatory cultural projects engaging migrant communities across six distinct European locations. By interviewing the Principal Investigators (PIs) of these projects, this study examines technology’s dual role as both facilitator and barrier, alongside the critical role of human facilitators in fostering trust and sustainable engagement. It highlights the nuanced dynamics of power relations and the reluctance of participants to voice challenges, which can impede participation. Despite these hurdles, the research reveals the transformative impact of innovative approaches in working with vulnerable populations. The findings contribute to the fields of Social Sciences and Communication Sciences, stressing the importance of culturally sensitive technological practices, digital literacy programs, and sustainable, modular communication frameworks. These insights underscore the complex interplay between technology, societal integration, and community engagement, aiming to inform and enhance future cultural endeavors through tailored, empathetic approaches. Full article

18 pages, 536 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unlocking Tourist Motivations in a Smart Tourism Destination: An Application of the Push–Pull Theory

by Sergio Nieves-Pavón, Natalia López-Mosquera and Manuel Jesús Sánchez González

Societies 2025, 15(4), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040082 - 27 Mar 2025

Viewed by 207

Abstract

This study employs the push–pull theory to analyze tourism motivations (push and pull), perceived risk (financial risk and perceived risk), perceived value, educational level and smartphone usage and their effect on willingness to pay (WTP) and electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) behavioural intentions in Smart [...] Read more.

This study employs the push–pull theory to analyze tourism motivations (push and pull), perceived risk (financial risk and perceived risk), perceived value, educational level and smartphone usage and their effect on willingness to pay (WTP) and electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) behavioural intentions in Smart Tourism Destinations (STDs). With a significant sample of 504 respondents in the STD of Cáceres, the push–pull theory is used to assess its impact on smartphone usage. Results reveal that motivations, financial risk, perceived value and educational level positively affect smartphone usage, directly influencing WTP and E-WOM. Managers are advised to prioritize privacy in mobile payments, implement security services against financial risks and promote specialized applications and encourage the personalization of offers through artificial intelligence. Understanding these variables, which explain 41.5% of WTP and 65.8% of E-WOM, provides a basis for strategic decision-making in STDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embodiment and Engagement of Tourism with Social Sustainability)

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19 pages, 573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clustering Residents’ Perception and Support of Urban Rally Tourism: The Sierra Morena Rally in Córdoba, Spain

by José E. Ramos-Ruiz, Inmaculada Jiménez-Manchado, Marianys Fernández and Manuel Rivera-Mateos

Societies 2025, 15(4), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040081 - 27 Mar 2025

Viewed by 199

Abstract

Sports events hold significant importance for host territories, influencing their economic, social, and environmental dynamics. These events generate diverse impacts that shape residents’ perceptions and subsequent support, which are crucial for ensuring long-term success. However, the study of motorsports, particularly rally events at [...] Read more.

Sports events hold significant importance for host territories, influencing their economic, social, and environmental dynamics. These events generate diverse impacts that shape residents’ perceptions and subsequent support, which are crucial for ensuring long-term success. However, the study of motorsports, particularly rally events at the national championship level, remains underexplored, despite their capacity to attract tourism and foster regional development. This study adopts a quantitative approach, employing a survey of 753 responses collected during the urban track of the 2024 Sierra Morena Rally in Córdoba, Spain. Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and non-hierarchical Cluster Analysis, residents were segmented based on their perceptions of impacts—touristic, economic, social, environmental, and urban—and their support for the event. The analysis identified three resident clusters: Reluctant Beneficiaries, Pragmatic Resigned, and Convinced Optimists. These groups exhibited varying levels of perceived positive and negative impacts, with significant differences in their support for the rally. The findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of resident perceptions and support for non-mega motorsports events, highlighting the importance of tailored communication strategies and anticipation of the impacts generated. This study addresses existing knowledge gaps by segmenting residents regarding their perception and support for a national-level urban rally event for the first time in the existing academic literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Urban Culture and Local Development)

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13 pages, 268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Volunteer Management in Sports Tourism Events: Motivation and Satisfaction as Drivers for Repeat Participation

by Hélio Antunes, Ana Rodrigues, Bebiana Sabino, Élvio Gouveia and Helder Lopes

Societies 2025, 15(4), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040080 - 27 Mar 2025

Viewed by 141

Abstract

Effective volunteer management in sports tourism events depends on understanding motivations, segmenting profiles, and fostering satisfaction to ensure continuity and event success. The purpose of this study was to examine volunteer motivation, investigate differences in motivation based on gender and age, and identify [...] Read more.

Effective volunteer management in sports tourism events depends on understanding motivations, segmenting profiles, and fostering satisfaction to ensure continuity and event success. The purpose of this study was to examine volunteer motivation, investigate differences in motivation based on gender and age, and identify key predictors of the intention to continue volunteering. The sample consisted of 390 participants (199 men, 191 women) aged from 18 to 68 who volunteered for the Madeira Island Ultra Trail (MIUT) and completed a survey one week following the event. Seven motivational dimensions were assessed using a questionnaire: community participation, personal development, job opportunities, volunteering tradition, esteem, egoism, and personal experiences. The results show that community participation (4.00 ± 0.79) and personal experiences (3.62 ± 0.82) were the most valued motivations, while job opportunities were the least valued (2.04 ± 1.05). Gender differences were found in some dimensions, with women generally rating motivations higher, except for job opportunities. Age also influenced motivation, with younger participants (<35 years) showing higher ratings for most dimensions. A multiple linear regression analysis identified community participation (ß = 0.311; p < 0.001), personal experiences (ß = 0.289; p < 0.001), egoism (ß = −0.215; p = 0.006), volunteering tradition (ß = 0.126; p = 0.023), and age (ß = 0.133; p < 0.001) as significant predictors of the intention to repeat volunteering. The findings highlight the role of volunteers in promoting the event and the region as a sports tourism destination, emphasizing the importance of volunteer retention for event and destination success. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Urban Culture and Local Development)

18 pages, 243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sextagram: Evaluating an Italian Instagram-Based Health Campaign Against AIDS

by Pina Lalli and Claudia Capelli

Societies 2025, 15(4), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040079 - 26 Mar 2025

Viewed by 68

Abstract

The use of social media for disseminating health information to adolescents and young adults has garnered significant ttention, showing promising results. Younger audiences increasingly prefer social media and mobile aggregators for their informative needs, considering these platforms reliable sources, particularly for sexual health [...] Read more.

The use of social media for disseminating health information to adolescents and young adults has garnered significant ttention, showing promising results. Younger audiences increasingly prefer social media and mobile aggregators for their informative needs, considering these platforms reliable sources, particularly for sexual health and general health topics. This paper discusses the findings of a two-year project conducted in Italy—in collaboration with a group of non-profit organizations—funded by The Ministry of Health, intending to explore social media-based health communication strategies aimed at prevention for individuals aged 18 to 25. The objective was to leverage Instagram to engage young people, enhancing awareness about the risks of STIs and HIV/AIDS and promoting preventive behaviors. By analyzing two contrasting perspectives on health communication methods and the results in terms of engagement metrics and user feedback in the chosen profile, the study provides insights into social approaches for health communication and social representations of sexuality in the digital age, demonstrating risks and advantages of the use of platforms to influence health knowledge among young audiences. Full article

38 pages, 3682 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

Applying Contextualism: From Urban Formation to Textual Representation

by Abeer Elshater and Hisham Abusaada

Societies 2025, 15(4), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040078 - 25 Mar 2025

Viewed by 449

Abstract

This study presents the theoretical depth of urban research by proposing a four-stage contextual conceptual guide for integrating historical and societal contextual factors within the nexus of time and space. Addressing a critical gap in urban research, it focuses on early career researchers [...] Read more.

This study presents the theoretical depth of urban research by proposing a four-stage contextual conceptual guide for integrating historical and societal contextual factors within the nexus of time and space. Addressing a critical gap in urban research, it focuses on early career researchers (ECRs), who often struggle to systematically incorporate contextual dimensions into their academic writing, particularly in theoretical discussions. The first two stages establish a foundation through historical inquiry and thematic analysis. These two stages also reveal how context is conceptualized across disciplines and highlight its active role in shaping human knowledge. Stage one examines the role of context in academic writing by analyzing six influential 20th-century thinkers (1900–2000). Stage two maps contemporary perspectives through a directed content analysis of 14 scholars (2000–2024) and six pivotal scholars in the social sciences. The third stage identified four interconnected factors that shape contextual interpretations: key concepts, context components, contextual factors, and thinkers’ contributions. These factors explain how context functions as an active and integral force for understanding texts, historical events, and linguistic phenomena. This stage also highlights four broader contextual factors: historical and societal contextual factors, conditions driving urban transformations, influential social dynamics, and inherent challenges that emerge from critical scholars’ analysis. The final stage operationalizes these insights into five fundamental guidelines for embedding contextual factors into high-quality academic writing, particularly in urban research. This calls for theorists to develop practical guidance for integrating context and text into academic writing by enhancing the theoretical depth, analytical consistency, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Full article

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25 pages, 278 KiB

Open AccessArticle

School Innovation: Building a Culture Through Leadership and Stakeholder Engagement

by Khadeegha Alzouebi, Dua Yousif Al Hammadi, Ahmed Ankit and Othman Abu Khurma

Societies 2025, 15(4), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040077 - 24 Mar 2025

Viewed by 107

Abstract

Background: Innovation in education is essential for fostering improved learning outcomes, operation efficiency and school excellence. Many challenges persist due to due to gaps in leadership strategies, limited stakeholder engagement, and inadequate professional development opportunities. This study explores the role of school principals [...] Read more.

Background: Innovation in education is essential for fostering improved learning outcomes, operation efficiency and school excellence. Many challenges persist due to due to gaps in leadership strategies, limited stakeholder engagement, and inadequate professional development opportunities. This study explores the role of school principals in promoting a culture of innovation in private schools in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Methods: A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing an electronic questionnaire to examine how school leaders drive innovation. The study explores the correlation between a culture of innovation and five key elements: school leadership performance, relationships with students and parents, school activities and programs, the overall school environment, and principals’ demographic factors. An innovation assessment tool measured the level of innovation across selected schools. Results: By identifying key school performance weaknesses, this study aims to provide insights that can help school principals enhance their leadership practices and cultivate a thriving culture of innovation within their institutions. Conclusions: The findings contribute to understanding teachers’ and staff members’ propensity to innovate under effective school leadership. Full article

19 pages, 259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting Cultural Acceptance Among Students in Thailand’s Southern Border Provinces: Key Influencing Factors

by Punya Tepsing, Kasetchai Laeheem and Buskorn Komontree

Societies 2025, 15(4), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040076 - 23 Mar 2025

Viewed by 152

Abstract

(1) Background: Thailand’s three southern border provinces face challenges in fostering cultural acceptance due to historical conflicts and religious influences. Promoting understanding through schools and families is crucial for reducing tensions and building harmony. This research aimed to examine the relationships among key [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Thailand’s three southern border provinces face challenges in fostering cultural acceptance due to historical conflicts and religious influences. Promoting understanding through schools and families is crucial for reducing tensions and building harmony. This research aimed to examine the relationships among key factors influencing students’ behavior in accepting cultural differences within the multicultural social context of Thailand’s three southern border provinces. (2) Methods: Data were collected through a survey of 601 student samples and analyzed using computer software to calculate Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression coefficients. (3) Results: The research results found six predictors that significantly predicted students’ behavior in accepting cultural differences in the multicultural social context of Thailand’s three southern border provinces at a 0.001 significance level. These predictors were as follows: religious guidance (X₁), attitudes toward cultural differences (X₄), student–peer relationships (X₆), understanding of cultural differences (X₅), student–teacher relationships (X₇), and encouragement to perform religious practices (X₃). (4) Conclusions: Six predictors, including religious guidance, attitudes, and relationships, explained 45.7% of behavior fostering cultural diversity. The findings highlight the vital roles of religion and interpersonal connections in promoting acceptance. Full article

15 pages, 243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Technological Culture and Politics: Artificial Intelligence as the New Frontier of Political Communication

by Daniele Battista and Emiliana Mangone

Societies 2025, 15(4), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040075 - 23 Mar 2025

Viewed by 462

Abstract

Technological developments with the rapid and significant advances related to artificial intelligence (AI) have generated a broad debate on political, social, and ethical impacts, raising important questions that require multidisciplinary analysis and investigation. One of the issues under discussion is whether the integration [...] Read more.

Technological developments with the rapid and significant advances related to artificial intelligence (AI) have generated a broad debate on political, social, and ethical impacts, raising important questions that require multidisciplinary analysis and investigation. One of the issues under discussion is whether the integration of AI in the political context represents a promising opportunity to improve the efficiency of democratic participation and policy-making processes, as well as increase institutional accountability. The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical reflection that allows us to fully understand the implications and potential consequences of the application of AI in the political field without neglecting its social and ethical effects: can such uses really be considered democratic, or do they represent a dangerous trend of using algorithms for manipulative purposes? To achieve this, a deductive approach will be adopted based on theories, imaginaries, and expectations concerning AI in the specific context of politics. Through this type of analysis, knowledge will contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamics related to the use of AI in politics by offering a critical perspective and a picture of the different connections. Full article

26 pages, 8489 KiB

Open AccessReview

Scientific Advances and Applications of 360 Tours in the XXI Century

by Julio Rodríguez, María Isabel Lamas and Laura Castro-Santos

Societies 2025, 15(4), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15040074 - 21 Mar 2025

Viewed by 209

Abstract

The 360 tours have become increasingly popular as immersive technologies that allow users to explore environments in a highly interactive way; as such their use and applications have grown exponentially in recent years. Accordingly, this paper aims to review and analyze the existing [...] Read more.

The 360 tours have become increasingly popular as immersive technologies that allow users to explore environments in a highly interactive way; as such their use and applications have grown exponentially in recent years. Accordingly, this paper aims to review and analyze the existing scientific literature on 360 tours. The analysis delves into primary sources and central themes of research related to 360 tours in the XXI century, offering insights into how these technologies intersect with social behaviors and cultural practices. The aim is to identify key academic documents, institutional contributions, influential authors, institutions, challenges, and dominant research trajectories. Technical aspects related to the creation and implementation of these tours are also analyzed. The results highlight the growing integration of 360 toursin various fields, particularly education, culture, and tourism. Full article

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Societies, Volume 15, Issue 4 (April 2025) – 14 articles

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