Effect of Interface on the Deep Drawability of Ti/Al Multilayered Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. Fabrication
- The cleaned sheets were alternately stacked in the order of Ti, Al along the same direction and the outermost layer is Ti, LMCs with totals of three, five, and seven layers (Ti/Al/Ti, Ti/Al/Ti/Al/Ti, and Ti/Al/Ti/Al/Ti/Al/Ti) were set up, followed by putting them into the hot-pressing die.
- Hot-pressing was performed under 175 MPa and 500 °C for 60 min.
- The hot-pressed LMCs were rolled at 500 °C and a speed of 20 rpm; finally, the LMCs were thinned to 1 mm.
- The hot-rolled LMCs is vacuum annealed at 550 °C for 2 h and then air-cooled.
2.2. Microstructure
2.3. Deep Drawing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructure
3.2. Formability Indexes
3.3. Deep Drawability
3.3.1. Limit-Drawing Ratio
3.3.2. Deep-Drawing Force
3.3.3. Wall Thickness
3.3.4. The Forming Behavior at Each Stage of Deep Drawing
3.4. Interface Evolution of Cylindrical Parts
3.5. Fracture of Cylindrical Parts of Ti/Al Multilayered Composites
4. Conclusions
- The texture strength of the Ti gradually weakens with the increase of layers, which leads to the smaller σs/σb, r values, and the larger n values, thus the deep drawability of LMCs enhances effectively.
- LMCs with more layers have a higher LDR and can withstand a higher ultimate drawing force.
- The Ti/Al interfaces in three-, five- and seven-layers LMCs exhibit straight, small-wave-like interlocking, and dense serrated structures at the corner of the cylindrical parts, respectively. The component metals in LMCs become thinner with the increase of layers, and the increased interfacial pressure promotes the formation of an increasingly firm overlapped interfacial structure to coordinate deformation.
- The number of interfaces increase with the increase of layers, and the load transfer effect via the interfaces make the stress distribution between layers more uniform, which helps coordinate deformation. Deflection and tearing occur when the cracks propagate to the interface owing to the complex stress state, which hinders and delays the crack penetration, thereby improving the deep drawability of LMCs.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Configuration | Direction | σs/σb | n | r | Δr | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 layers | RD | 0.7139 | 0.7682 | 0.1318 | 0.1162 | 1.22 | 1.79 | −0.47 |
45° | 0.7639 | 0.1151 | 2.03 | |||||
TD | 0.8270 | 0.1031 | 1.89 | |||||
5 layers | RD | 0.6742 | 0.6993 | 0.1699 | 0.1563 | 1.44 | 1.64 | −0.57 |
45° | 0.6995 | 0.1596 | 1.93 | |||||
TD | 0.7243 | 0.1359 | 1.28 | |||||
7 layers | RD | 0.6649 | 0.6888 | 0.1766 | 0.1653 | 1.28 | 1.53 | −0.10 |
45° | 0.6857 | 0.1693 | 1.58 | |||||
TD | 0.7159 | 0.1462 | 1.68 |
Configuration | Reduction of LMCs, (%) | Reduction of Outer Ti, (%) | Reduction of Outer Al, (%) |
---|---|---|---|
3 layers | 17.15 | 15.24 | 19.40 |
5 layers | 15.03 | 13.16 | 17.99 |
7 layers | 13.53 | 11.11 | 16.54 |
Configuration | Thickening of LMCs, (%) | Thickening of Outer Ti, (%) | Thickening of Outer Al, (%) |
---|---|---|---|
3 layers | 17.13 | 12.82 | 22.30 |
5 layers | 13.75 | 11.07 | 16.38 |
7 layers | 11.79 | 10.36 | 14.70 |
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Cao, M.; Wang, C.-J.; Deng, K.-K.; Nie, K.-B. Effect of Interface on the Deep Drawability of Ti/Al Multilayered Composites. Metals 2021, 11, 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050795
Cao M, Wang C-J, Deng K-K, Nie K-B. Effect of Interface on the Deep Drawability of Ti/Al Multilayered Composites. Metals. 2021; 11(5):795. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050795
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Miao, Cui-Ju Wang, Kun-Kun Deng, and Kai-Bo Nie. 2021. "Effect of Interface on the Deep Drawability of Ti/Al Multilayered Composites" Metals 11, no. 5: 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050795