The Effect of Powder Composition on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Laser Cladding 60NiTi Alloy Coatings on SS 316L
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phase Structures
3.2. Microstructural and Compositional Analysis
3.3. Microhardness
3.4. Electrochemical Behavior
4. Conclusions
- (1).
- 55NiTi-5Ni coating has a lower dilution rate than 60Ni-40Ti, which means a better cladding quality.
- (2).
- 55NiTi-5Ni coating shows a typical dendritic eutectic structure, which is composed of a dendritic and interdendritic eutectic structure, but 60Ni-40Ti tends to form a eutectic network structure composed of a coarse network structure with refined areas. XRD results show that the main phases in both coatings are (Ni, Fe)Ti and (Ni, Fe)3Ti, but the proportion of the (Ni, Fe)Ti phase is higher in 55NiTi-5Ni along with more (Ni, Fe)3Ti in 60Ni-40Ti.
- (3).
- The average microhardness of 60Ni-40Ti and 55NiTi-5Ni is 815.0 and 707.6 HV, respectively, which is considerably higher than substrate SS 316L, which is attributed to grain refinement and nickel–titanium particle agglomeration. Moreover, the microhardness of 55NiTi-5Ni is slightly higher than that of 60Ni-40Ti, which is related to its uniform and fine eutectic structure.
- (4).
- Compared with SS 316L, the corrosion resistance of NiTi coatings is improved dramatically. The 55NiTi-5Ni coating shows better corrosion resistance because its uniform microstructure and fine eutectic structure facilitate the formation of the dense oxide film. In addition, its lower proportion of the (Ni, Fe)3Ti phase might induce the formation of fewer micro-cells on the surface and fewer pitting initiation points.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Powder | Ni | Ti | Co | Na | Cu | Si | Fe | C | O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pure Ni | Bal. | - | 0.020 | <0.005 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.006 |
Pure Ti | - | Bal. | - | - | - | - | 0.016 | 0.006 | 0.058 |
Alloy 55NiTi | 56.46 | Bal. | - | <0.005 | <0.005 | - | <0.005 | 0.003 | 0.037 |
Sample | H (mm) | H (mm) | η |
---|---|---|---|
60Ni-40Ti | 1.645 | 1.393 | 0.54 |
55NiTi-5Ni | 0.99 | 1.745 | 0.36 |
Element | 60Ni-40Ti (Coarse) | 60Ni-40Ti (Fine) | 55NiTi-5Ni | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | A | B | C | D | E | |
Ni (At%) | 44.7 | 30.2 | 40.12 | 28.03 | 35.31 | 38.96 | 64.89 |
Ti (At%) | 14 | 27.13 | 13.76 | 26.31 | 31.62 | 29.37 | 22.8 |
Fe (At%) | 32.85 | 35.69 | 37.35 | 36.39 | 26.16 | 27.16 | 9.62 |
Cr (At%) | 8.45 | 7.99 | 8.77 | 9.29 | 6.91 | 8.51 | 2.69 |
Sample | 60Ni-40Ti | 55NiTi-5Ni | 316L |
---|---|---|---|
OCP (mV) | −526.1 | −432.6 | 208.1 |
Sample | E0 (mV) | I0 (μA) | Corrosion Rate (mpy) |
---|---|---|---|
60Ni-40Ti | −570.0 | 7.050 | 1.930 |
55NiTi-5Ni | −404.0 | 5.540 | 1.495 |
SS 316L | 260.0 | 79.90 | 33.01 |
Sample | Rs (Ω·cm2) | Rt (Ω·cm2) | Rct (Ω·cm2) | CPE1 (Ω−1·m2·sn) | n1 | CPE2 (Ω−1·m2·sn) | n2 | X2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
60Ni-40Ti | 16.02 | 9.49 × 10−5 | 1.12 × 105 | 1.98 × 10−5 | 0.327 | 4.30 × 10−5 | 0.559 | 9.99 × 10−5 |
55NiTi-5Ni | 16.7 | 2.216 × 105 | 1.84 × 105 | 2.751 × 10−5 | 0.927 | 7.96 × 10−6 | 0.891 | 3.56 × 10−4 |
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Du, Z.; Hu, Z.; Feng, Y.; Mo, F. The Effect of Powder Composition on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Laser Cladding 60NiTi Alloy Coatings on SS 316L. Metals 2021, 11, 1104. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071104
Du Z, Hu Z, Feng Y, Mo F. The Effect of Powder Composition on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Laser Cladding 60NiTi Alloy Coatings on SS 316L. Metals. 2021; 11(7):1104. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071104
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu, Zexu, Zhengfei Hu, Yuqiang Feng, and Fan Mo. 2021. "The Effect of Powder Composition on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Laser Cladding 60NiTi Alloy Coatings on SS 316L" Metals 11, no. 7: 1104. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071104