Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Coating on γ-TiAl Alloy: Investigation of Bioactivity and Corrosion Behavior in Simulated Body Fluid
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Material and Coatings Preparation
2.2. Coating Characterization
2.3. Corrosion Tests
2.4. Bioactivity Assessment
2.5. Biocompatibility Experiments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Current Density during the PEO Process
3.2. Pore, Weight Change, and Thickness Measurements
3.3. Bioactivity and Biocompatibility Assessments
3.4. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Jing, Z.; Cao, Q.; Jun, H. Corrosion, wear and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite bio-functionally graded coating on titanium alloy surface prepared by laser cladding. Ceram. Int. 2021, 47, 24641–24651. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chukwuike, V.I.; Shtansky, D.V.; Subramanian, B. Biocompatibility study of nanocomposite titanium boron nitride (TiBN) thin films for orthopedic implant applications. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2021, 410, 126968. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Quinn, J.; McFadden, R.; Chan, C.-W.; Carson, L. Titanium for Orthopedic Applications: An Overview of Surface Modification to Improve Biocompatibility and Prevent Bacterial Biofilm Formation. iScience 2020, 23, 101745. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Klyui, N.I.; Chornyi, V.S.; Zatovsky, I.V.; Tsabiy, L.I.; Buryanov, A.A.; Protsenko, V.V.; Temchenko, V.P.; Skryshevsky, V.A.; Glasmacher, B.; Gryshkov, O. Properties of gas detonation ceramic coatings and their effect on the osseointegration of titanium implants for bone defect replacement. Ceram. Int. 2021, 47, 25425–25439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Samanta, A.; Rane, R.; Jhala, G.; Kundu, B.; Datta, S.; Ghosh, J.; Joseph, A.; Mukherjee, S.; Roy, S.; Mukhopadhyay, A.K. Biocompatibility and cyclic fatigue response of surface engineered Ti6Al4V femoral heads for hip-implant application. Ceram. Int. 2021, 47, 6905–6917. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, J.; Han, G.; Zheng, X.; Chen, G.; Zhu, P. Characterization and biocompatibility study of hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of titanium alloy. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2019, 375, 645–651. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saebnoori, E.; Shahrabi, T.; Jafarian, H.; Ghaffari, M. Changes in the resistance to corrosion of thermally passivated titanium aluminide during exposure to sodium chloride solution. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2015, 41, 1079–1095. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, G.; Wang, S.; Yang, X.; Yu, X.; Wen, D.; Chang, Z.; Zhang, M. Fretting wear and mechanical properties of surface-nanostructural titanium alloy bone plate. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2021, 405, 126512. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kheder, W.; Al Kawas, S.; Khalaf, K.; Samsudin, A.R. Impact of tribocorrosion and titanium particles release on dental implant complications—A narrative review. Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev. 2021, 57, 182–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, X.; Bai, J.; Ge, G.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Q.; Zheng, K.; Tao, H.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, H.; Wang, D.; et al. Bioinspired peptide adhesion on Ti implants alleviates wear particle-induced inflammation and improves interfacial osteogenesis. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2022, 605, 410–424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kaur, S.; Sharma, S.; Bala, N. A comparative study of corrosion resistance of biocompatible coating on titanium alloy and stainless steel. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2019, 238, 121923. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhan, X.; Li, S.; Cui, Y.; Tao, A.; Wang, C.; Li, H.; Zhang, L.; Yu, H.; Jiang, J.; Li, C. Comparison of the osteoblastic activity of low elastic modulus Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy and pure titanium modified by physical and chemical methods. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2020, 113, 111018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fattah-alhosseini, A.; Molaei, M.; Nouri, M.; Babaei, K. Review of the role of graphene and its derivatives in enhancing the perfor-mance of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on titanium and its alloys. Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv. 2021, 6, 100140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Y.; Shi, P.; Cui, S.; Li, Y.; Xu, A.; Wang, J.; Yao, Z.; Zhou, X.; Yuan, T.; Liu, W.; et al. Oxidation behavior of nano-structured (Al2O3 + Y2O3)/AlY coating on γ-TiAl upon exposure to 1200 °C. Ceram. Int. 2019, 45, 5163–5167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hua, K.; Wan, Q.; Tong, Y.; Yang, G.; Wu, H.; Zhou, Q.; Wang, H. Microstructural feature dependence of dry sliding wear behaviors in a γ-TiAl alloy. Wear 2021, 484–485, 204039. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, H.; Liang, W.; Jia, Y.; Miao, Q.; Hu, R.; Ding, Z.; Yu, L. Effect of AlY gradient coating on hot corrosion resistance of γ-TiAl alloy at different temperatures. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2019, 487, 868–875. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bodunrin, M.O.; Chown, L.H.; van der Merwe, J.W.; Alaneme, K.K.; Oganbule, C.; Klenam, D.E.P.; Mphasha, N.P. Corrosion behavior of titanium alloys in acidic and saline media: Role of alloy design, passivation integrity, and electrolyte modification. Corros. Rev. 2020, 38, 25–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gabor, R.; Cvrček, L.; Doubková, M.; Nehasil, V.; Hlinka, J.; Unucka, P.; Buřil, M.; Podepřelová, A.; Seidlerová, J.; Bačáková, L. Hybrid coatings for orthopaedic implants formed by physical vapour deposition and microarc oxidation. Mater. Des. 2022, 219, 110811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saud, S.N.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Yaghoubidoust, F.; Iqbal, N.; Hamzah, E.; Ooi, C.R. Corrosion and bioactivity performance of graphene oxide coating on TiNb shape memory alloys in simulated body fluid. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2016, 68, 687–694. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Manivasagam, G.; Dhinasekaran, D.; Rajamanickam, A. Biomedical Implants: Corrosion and its Prevention—A Review. Recent Pat. Corros. Sci. 2010, 2, 40–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ali, S.; Abdul Rani, A.M.; Baig, Z.; Ahmed, S.W.; Hussain, G.; Subramaniam, K.; Hastuty, S.; Rao, T.V. Biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of metallic biomaterials. Corros. Rev. 2020, 38, 381–402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, X.; Chu, P.K.; Ding, C. Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep. 2004, 47, 49–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Azarian, N.; Khoei, S.M. Characteristics of a multi-component MgO-based bioceramic coating synthesized in-situ by plasma electrolytic oxidation. J. Magnes. Alloy 2021, 9, 1595–1608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rafieerad, A.R.; Ashra, M.R.; Mahmoodian, R.; Bushroa, A.R. Surface characterization and corrosion behavior of calcium phosphate-base composite layer on titanium and its alloys via plasma electrolytic oxidation: A review paper. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2015, 57, 397–413. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cao, F.; Lin, L.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, J.; Cao, C. Environmental friendly plasma electrolytic oxidation of AM60 magnesium alloy and its corrosion resistance. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 2008, 18, 240–247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hussein, R.O.; Nie, X.; Northwood, D.O. Influence of process parameters on electrolytic plasma discharging behaviour and aluminum oxide coating microstructure. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2010, 205, 1659–1667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- An, L.; Ma, Y.; Liu, Y.; Sun, L.; Wang, S.; Wang, Z. Effects of additives, voltage and their interactions on PEO coatings formed on magnesium alloys. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2018, 354, 226–235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Molaeipour, P.; Allahkaram, S.R.; Akbarzadeh, S. Corrosion inhibition of Ti6Al4V alloy by a protective plasma electrolytic oxidation coating modified with boron carbide nanoparticles. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2022, 430, 127987. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thukkaram, M.; Coryn, R.; Asadian, M.; Tabaei, P.S.E.; Rigole, P.; Rajendhran, N.; Nikiforov, A.; Sukumaran, J.; Coenye, T.; van der Voort, P.; et al. Fabrication of microporous coatings on titanium implants with improved mechanical, antibacterial, and cell-interactive properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 30155–30169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hamrahi, B.; Yarmand, B.; Massoudi, A. Improved in-vitro corrosion performance of titanium using a duplex system of plasma electrolytic oxidation and graphene oxide incorporated silane coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2021, 422, 127558. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aliofkhazraei, M.; Macdonald, D.D.; Matykina, E.; Parfenov, E.V.; Egorkin, V.S.; Curran, J.A.; Troughton, S.C.; Sinebryukhov, S.L.; Gnedenkov, S.V.; Lampke, T.; et al. Review of plasma electrolytic oxidation of titanium substrates: Mechanism, properties, applications and limitations. Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv. 2021, 5, 100121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Durdu, S.; Usta, M. The tribological properties of bioceramic coatings produced on Ti6Al4V alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Ceram. Int. 2014, 40, 3627–3635. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aliasghari, S.; Skeldon, P.; Thompson, G.E. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of titanium in a phosphate/silicate electrolyte and tribological performance of the coatings. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2014, 316, 463–476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Muhaffel, F.; Cempura, G.; Menekse, M.; Czyrska-Filemonowicz, A.; Karaguler, N.; Cimenoglu, H. Characteristics of multi-layer coatings synthesized on Ti6Al4V alloy by micro-arc oxidation in silver nitrate added electrolytes. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2016, 307, 308–315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, D.; Choi, B.; Song, J.; Kim, S.; Oh, S.; Jin, E.-H.; Kang, S.-S.; Jin, E.-J. TiO 2 nanotube stimulate chondrogenic differentiation of limb mesenchymal cells by modulating focal activity. Exp. Mol. Med. 2011, 43, 455–461. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Bordbar-Khiabani, A.; Ebrahimi, S.; Yarmand, B. In-vitro corrosion and bioactivity behavior of tailored calcium phosphate-containing zinc oxide coating prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Corros. Sci. 2020, 173, 108781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kostelac, L.; Pezzato, L.; Settimi, A.G.; Franceschi, M.; Gennari, C.; Brunelli, K.; Rampazzo, C.; Dabalà, M. Investigation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) containing coating on grade 2 corrosion and bioactivity behavior electrolytic oxidation (PEO) at low voltage. Surf. Interfaces 2022, 30, 101888. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tsimbouri, P.M.; Murawski, K.; Hamilton, G.; Herzyk, P.; Oreffo, R.O.C.; Gadegaard, N.; Dalby, M.J. A genomics approach in determining nanotopographical effects on MSC phenotype. Biomaterials 2013, 34, 2177–2184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kumar, A.; Biswas, K.; Basu, B. Hydroxyapatite-titanium bulk composites for bone tissue engineering applications: Ha-Ti Bulk Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2014, 103, 791–806. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daroonparvar, M.; Yajid, M.A.; Gupta, R.K.; Yusof, N.M.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Ghandvar, H. Investigation of corrosion protection performance of multiphase PEO (Mg2SiO4, MgO, MgAl2O4) coatings on Mg alloy formed in aluminate-silicate-based mixture electrolyte. Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf. 2018, 54, 425–441. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Z.Q.; Wang, L.; Zeng, M.Q.; Zeng, R.C.; Kannan, M.B.; Lin, C.G.; Zheng, Y.F. Biodegradation behavior of micro-arc oxidation coating on magnesium alloy-from a protein perspective. Bioact. Mater. 2020, 5, 398–409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bohner, M.; Lemaitre, J. Can bioactivity be tested in vitro with SBF solution? Biomaterials 2009, 30, 2175–2179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gao, Y.; Yerokhin, A.; Parfenov, E.; Matthews, A. Application of Voltage Pulse Transient Analysis during Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Assessment of Characteristics and Corrosion Behaviour of Ca- and P-containing Coatings on Magnesium. Electrochim. Acta 2014, 149, 218–230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matykina, E.; Arrabal, R.; Scurr, D.J.; Baron, A.; Skeldon, P.; Thompson, G.E. Investigation of the mechanism of plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminium using 18O tracer. Corros. Sci. 2010, 52, 1070–1076. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, X.; Tan, L.; Zhang, Q.; Yang, K.; Hu, Z.; Qiu, J.; Cai, Y. The in vitro degradation process and biocompatibility of a ZK60 magnesium alloy with a forsterite-containing micro-arc oxidation coating. Acta Biomater. 2013, 9, 8631–8642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Quintero, D.; Galvis, O.; Calderón, J.A.; Castaño, J.G.; Echeverría, F. Effect of electrochemical parameters on the formation of anodic films on commercially pure titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2014, 258, 1223–1231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Troughton, S.C.; Nominé, A.; Nominé, A.V.; Henrion, G.; Clyne, T.W. Synchronised electrical monitoring and high speed video of bubble growth associated with individual discharges during plasma electrolytic oxidation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 359, 405–411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Galvis, O.A.; Quintero, D.; Castaño, J.G.; Liu, H.; Thompson, G.E.; Skeldon, P.; Echeverría, F. Formation of grooved and porous coatings on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation in H2SO4/H3PO4 electrolytes and effects of coating morphology on adhesive bonding. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2015, 269, 238–249. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blawert, C.; Karpushenkov, S.A.; Serdechnova, M.; Karpushenkava, L.S.; Zheludkevich, M.L. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of zinc alloy in a phosphate-aluminate electrolyte. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2020, 505, 144552. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, J.; Han, Y.; Huang, X. Hydroxyapatite coatings prepared by micro-arc oxidation in Ca- and P-containing electrolyte. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2007, 201, 5655–5658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sowa, M.; Piotrowska, M.; Widziołek, M.; Dercz, G.; Tylko, G.; Gorewoda, T.; Osyczka, A.M.; Simka, W. Bioactivity of coatings formed on Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy using plasma electrolytic oxidation. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2015, 49, 159–173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gu, X.N.; Li, N.; Zhou, W.R.; Zheng, Y.F.; Zhao, X.; Cai, Q.Z.; Ruan, L. Corrosion resistance and surface biocompatibility of a microarc oxidation coating on a Mg–Ca alloy. Acta Biomater. 2011, 7, 1880–1889. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Song, W.-H.; Jun, Y.; Han, Y.; Hong, S.-H. Biomimetic Apatite Coating on Micro-Arc Oxidized Titania. Biomaterials 2004, 25, 3341–3349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qiao, L.P.; Lou, J.; Zhang, S.F.; Qu, B.; Chang, W.H.; Zhang, R.F. The entrance mechanism of calcium and phosphorus elements into micro arc oxidation coatings developed on Ti6Al4V alloy. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2016, 285, 187–196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yao, Z.; Liu, Y.; Xu, Y.; Jiang, Z.; Wang, F. Effects of cathode pulse at high frequency on structure and composition of Al 2TiO 5 ceramic coatings on Ti alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Mater. Chem. Phys. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2011, 126, 227–231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Hamzah, E.; Ismail, A.F.; Aziz, M.; Daroonparvar, M.; Saebnoori, E.; Chami, A. In vitro degradation behavior, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of TiO2-MAO/ZnHA composite coating on Mg alloy for orthopedic implants. Surf. Coatings Technol. 2018, 334, 450–460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dehnavi, V.; Luan, B.L.; Shoesmith, D.W.; Liu, X.Y.; Rohani, S. Effect of duty cycle and applied current frequency on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating growth behavior. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2013, 226, 100–107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al Bosta, M.M.S.; Ma, K.-J.; Chien, H.-H. The effect of MAO processing time on surface properties and low temperature infrared emissivity of ceramic coating on aluminium 6061 alloy. Infrared Phys. Technol. 2013, 60, 323–334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Esfandiari, K.; Banihashemi, M.; Soleimani, P. Influence of impressed current cathodic protection systems on chemical characteristics of underground water. Water Environ. Res. 2020, 92, 2105–2111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daroonparvar, M.; Yajid, M.A.; Gupta, R.K.; Yusof, N.M.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Ghandvar, H.; Ghasemi, E. Antibacterial activities and corrosion behavior of novel PEO/nanostructured ZrO2 coating on Mg alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 2018, 28, 1571–1581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ponomarev, V.A.; Orlov, E.A.; Malikov, N.A.; Tarasov, Y.V.; Sheveyko, A.N.; Permyakova, E.S.; Kuptsov, K.A.; Dyatlov, I.A.; Ignatov, S.G.; Ilnitskaya, A.S.; et al. Ag (Pt) nanoparticles-decorated bioactive yet antibacterial Ca-and P-doped TiO2 coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation and ion implantation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2020, 516, 146068. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Lv, Y.; Cai, G.; Fu, S.; Yang, L.; Ma, Y.; Dong, Z. Reactive incorporation of Ag into porous TiO2 coating and its influence on its microstructure, in vitro antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility. Prog. Nat. Sci. 2021, 31, 215–229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Hamzah, E.; Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, R.; Daroonparvar, M.; Medraj, M. Fabrication and characterization of hydrophobic microarc oxidation/poly-lactic acid duplex coating on biodegradable Mg–Ca alloy for corrosion protection. Vacuum 2016, 125, 185–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khang, D.; Lu, J.; Yao, C.; Haberstroh, K.M.; Webster, T.J. The role of nanometer and sub-micron surface features on vascular and bone cell adhesion on titanium. Biomaterials 2008, 29, 970–983. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karageorgiou, V.; Kaplan, D. Porosity of 3D Biomaterial Scaffolds and Osteogenesis. Biomaterials 2005, 26, 5474–5491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Saebnoori, E.; Vali, I. Surface Activation of NiTi Alloy by Using Electrochemical Process for Biomimetic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Coating (Technical Note). Int. J. Eng. 2014, 27, 1627–1634. [Google Scholar]
- Santos, P.B.; Baldin, E.K.; Krieger, D.A.; de Castro, V.V.; Aguzzoli, C.; Fonseca, J.C.; Rodrigues, M.; Lopes, M.A.; Malfatti, C.d.F. Wear performance and osteogenic differentiation behavior of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloys: Potential application for bone tissue repairs. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2021, 417, 127179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sawaguchi, H.; Xu, J.; Kawai, T.; Mineta, T.; Nonomura, Y. Formation process of apatite layer on titanium-coated silicon wafer surfaces. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 2016, 124, 753–756. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gnedenkov, S.V.; Sinebryukhov, S.L.; Zavidnaya, A.G.; Egorkin, V.S.; Puz’, A.V.; Mashtalyar, D.V.; Sergienko, V.I.; Yerokhin, A.L.; Matthews, A. Composite hydroxyapatite–PTFE coatings on Mg–Mn–Ce alloy for resorbable implant applications via a plasma electrolytic oxidation-based route. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 2014, 45, 3104–3109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hussein, R.O.; Derek, O. Production of Anti-Corrosion Coatings on Light Alloys (Al, Mg, Ti) by Plasma-Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO). Dev. Corros. Prot. 2014, 201–239. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, Y.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Sun, T.; Ba, Z. Corrosion Resistance of Mg(OH)2/Mn(OH)2 Hydroxide Film on ZK60 Mg Alloy. Metals 2022, 12, 1760. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daroonparvar, M.; Yajid, M.A.; Yusof, N.M.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R. Preparation and corrosion resistance of a nanocomposite plasma electrolytic oxidation coating on Mg-1% Ca alloy formed in aluminate electrolyte containing titania nano-additives. J. Alloys Compd. 2016, 688, 841–857. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borghei, S.; Dehghanian, C.; Yaghoubi, R.; Yari, S. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical performance of a new imidazoline derivative as an environmentally friendly corrosion and scale inhibitor. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2016, 42, 4551–4568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shokouhfar, M.; Dehghanian, C.; Baradaran, A. Preparation of ceramic coating on Ti substrate by Plasma electrolytic oxidation in different electrolytes and evaluation of its corrosion resistance. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2011, 257, 2617–2624. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kowalczyk, K.; Brojanowska, A.; Sobiecki, J.R. Corrosion Properties of Oxide Layers Produced on Titanium Nitride by Means of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Various Duration. Solid State Phenom. 2015, 227, 475–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roknian, M.; Fattah-alhosseini, A.; Gashti, S.O. Gashti, Plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on pure Ti substrate: Effects of Na3PO4 concentration on morphology and corrosion behavior of coatings in ringer’s physiological solution. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2018, 27, 1343–1351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daroonparvar, M.; Yajid, M.A.; Yusof, N.M.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Hamzah, E.; Mardanikivi, T. Deposition of duplex MAO layer/nanostructured titanium dioxide composite coatings on Mg–1% Ca alloy using a combined technique of air plasma spraying and micro arc oxidation. J. Alloys Compd. 2015, 649, 591–605. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Teh, T.H.; Berkani, A.; Mato, S.; Skeldon, P.; Thompson, G.E.; Habazaki, H.; Shimizu, K. Initial stages of plasma electrolytic oxidation of titanium. Corros. Sci. 2003, 45, 2757–2768. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nikoomanzari, E.; Babaei, K.; Fattah-alhosseini, A. Effect of Procedure Time on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of ZrTiO4/ZrO2 Nanocomposite Coatings by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Applied on the Ti-6Al-4V Substrate. Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem. 2020, 12, 747–765. [Google Scholar]
- Santos, P.B.; de Castro, V.V.; Baldin, E.K.; Aguzzoli, C.; Longhitano, G.A.; Jardini, A.L.; Lopes, É.S.N.; de Andrade, A.M.H.; de Fraga Malfatti, C. Wear Resistance of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Eli Alloy Processed by Additive Manufacturing. Metals 2022, 12, 1070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saberi, A.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Ismail, A.F.; Sharif, S.; Razzaghi, M.; Ramakrishna, S.; Berto, F. The Effect of Co-Encapsulated GO-Cu Nanofillers on Mechanical Properties, Cell Response, and Antibacterial Activities of Mg-Zn Composite. Metals 2022, 12, 207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zeng, Q.; Chen, S.; Song, P.; Li, H.; Zeng, X. Enhanced Plasticity and Corrosion Resistance in Mg-Zn-Ca-Cu Amorphous Alloy Composite via Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Treatment. Metals 2022, 12, 300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Savushkina, S.; Gerasimov, M.; Apelfeld, A.; Suminov, I. Study of Coatings Formed on Zirconium Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Electrolyte with Submicron Yttria Powder Additives. Metals 2021, 11, 1392. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mojsilović, K.; Lačnjevac, U.; Stojanović, S.; Damjanović-Vasilić, L.; Stojadinović, S.; Vasilić, R. Formation and Properties of Oxide Coatings with Immobilized Zeolites Obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Aluminum. Metals 2021, 11, 1241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zehra, T.; Kaseem, M.; Hossain, S.; Ko, Y. Fabrication of a Protective Hybrid Coating Composed of TiO2, MoO2, and SiO2 by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Titanium. Metals 2021, 11, 1182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alateyah, A.I.; Aljohani, T.A.; Alawad, M.O.; Elkatatny, S.; El-Garaihy, W.H. Improving the Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable AM60 Alloy through Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. Metals 2021, 11, 953. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wierzbicka, E.; Mohedano, M.; Matykina, E.; Arrabal, R. Design and Multidimensional Screening of Flash-PEO Coatings for Mg in Comparison to Commercial Chromium(VI) Conversion Coating. Metals 2021, 11, 337. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hadzima, B.; Kajánek, D.; Jambor, M.; Drábiková, J.; Březina, M.; Buhagiar, J.; Pastorková, J.; Jacková, M. PEO of AZ31 Mg Alloy: Effect of Electrolyte Phosphate Content and Current Density. Metals 2020, 10, 1521. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garcia-Cabezón, C.; Rodriguez-Mendez, M.L.; Borrás, V.A.; Raquel, B.; Rodriguez Cabello, J.C.; Ibañez Fonseca, A.; Martin-Pedrosa, F. Application of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coating on Powder Metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V for Dental Implants. Metals 2020, 10, 1167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zakaria, A.; Shukor, H.; Todoh, M.; Jusoff, K. Bio-Functional Coating on Ti6Al4V Surface Produced by Using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. Metals 2020, 10, 1124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wierzbicka, E.; Pillado, B.; Mohedano, M.; Arrabal, R.; Matykina, E. Calcium Doped Flash-PEO Coatings for Corrosion Protection of Mg Alloy. Metals 2020, 10, 916. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Element | Ti | Al | Nb | Cr | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration (wt. %) | 49.35 | 47.00 | 0.0018 | 1.95 | 0.02 |
Compound | NaCl | NaHCO3 | KCl | K2HPO4 | MgCl2.H2O | CaCl2 | HCl |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amount | 7.966 g | 0.350 g | 0.224 g | 0.228 g | 0.305 g | 0.278 g | 40 mL |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Salahshouri, F.; Saebnoori, E.; Borghei, S.; Mossahebi-Mohammadi, M.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Berto, F. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Coating on γ-TiAl Alloy: Investigation of Bioactivity and Corrosion Behavior in Simulated Body Fluid. Metals 2022, 12, 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111866
Salahshouri F, Saebnoori E, Borghei S, Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Berto F. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Coating on γ-TiAl Alloy: Investigation of Bioactivity and Corrosion Behavior in Simulated Body Fluid. Metals. 2022; 12(11):1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111866
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalahshouri, Fatemeh, Ehsan Saebnoori, Sina Borghei, Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi, Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad, and Filippo Berto. 2022. "Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Coating on γ-TiAl Alloy: Investigation of Bioactivity and Corrosion Behavior in Simulated Body Fluid" Metals 12, no. 11: 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111866