Forming Mechanism of Weld Cross Section and Validating Thermal Analysis Results Based on the Maximal Temperature Field for Laser Welding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment Details and Numerical Modeling
2.1. Experiment Details
2.2. Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions
2.3. Heat Source Model
- The keyhole had the shape of a cylinder with a fixed diameter in the thickness direction.
- The peak of the heat flux decayed exponentially with an increase in the distance to the upper or bottom surfaces.
- Convective heat transfer in weld pool was not considered.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Rule of Upper/Bottom/Waist Width Changes over Time
3.2. Formation Mechanism of WCS
3.3. Comparation of the Validation Results Based on the WCSs Obtained from the Transient and Maximal Temperature Fields
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Welding Speed (m/min) | 2.4 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 6.0 | 6.9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper width (mm) | Experiment | 1.34 | 1.13 | 1.01 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.83 |
Simulation (Transient) | 1.42 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.06 | 0.98 | 0.92 | |
Simulation (Max) | 1.42 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.06 | 0.98 | 0.92 | |
Bottom width (mm) | Experiment | 1.43 | 1.19 | 1.04 | 0.95 | 0.85 | 0.69 |
Simulation (Transient) | 1.50 | 1.28 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.78 | |
Simulation (Max) | 1.54 | 1.34 | 1.16 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 0.80 | |
Waist width (mm) | Experiment | 0.78 | 0.66 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.48 | 0.42 |
Simulation (Transient) | 0.82 | 0.64 | 0.56 | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.28 | |
Simulation (Max) | 0.92 | 0.74 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.52 | 0.48 | |
Relative root mean square error (%) | Simulation (Transient) | 5.35 | 8.99 | 10.21 | 6.52 | 9.53 | 21.59 |
Simulation (Max) | 12.48 | 10.12 | 10.81 | 7.44 | 7.20 | 11.87 |
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Rong, Y.; Xu, J. Forming Mechanism of Weld Cross Section and Validating Thermal Analysis Results Based on the Maximal Temperature Field for Laser Welding. Metals 2022, 12, 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050774
Rong Y, Xu J. Forming Mechanism of Weld Cross Section and Validating Thermal Analysis Results Based on the Maximal Temperature Field for Laser Welding. Metals. 2022; 12(5):774. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050774
Chicago/Turabian StyleRong, Youmin, and Jiajun Xu. 2022. "Forming Mechanism of Weld Cross Section and Validating Thermal Analysis Results Based on the Maximal Temperature Field for Laser Welding" Metals 12, no. 5: 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050774