Cytotoxicity, Corrosion Resistance, and Wettability of Titanium and Ti-TiB2 Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy for Dental Implants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methods
2.1. Main Materials
2.2. Powder Metallurgy Procedure
2.2.1. Mold Details
2.2.2. Powder Preparation
2.2.3. Sample Preparation (Cold Compacting)
2.2.4. Consolidation (Vacuum Sintering)
2.3. Microstructural Characterization
2.4. Cytotoxicity Test (Cell Metabolic Activity Evaluation, MTT Assay)
2.4.1. Sample Preparation
2.4.2. Culture of Cells (Cell Lines)
2.4.3. Indirect Mode of Contact
2.5. Corrosion Resistance Test
2.6. Wettability Test
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Composite Sample Characterization
3.2. Cytotoxicity Test (MTT Assay)
3.3. Corrosion Resistance (Potentiodynamic Polarization)
3.4. Wettability Test
4. Conclusions
- The Ti-TiB2 composite and pure Ti had a predominantly α-Ti phase microstructure, both as received and after processing. TiB whiskers are created when the Ti matrix reacts with TiB2.
- The findings of the indirect contact (cytotoxicity) assessment of both groups showed that there were no statistically significant differences in terms of cell viability. This demonstrated that the material’s extract, which does not impair cell viability, may demonstrate the composite’s cytocompatibility.
- All the samples subjected to electrochemical tests revealed that these composite samples had stronger corrosion resistance than the pure samples.
- The contact angle of the composite (44.29°) was lower than that of pure Ti (56.31°), indicating that the composite had a more hydrophilic surface and may have increased cell adhesion, with favorable osseointegration.
- Based on the findings of this study and previous research, the titanium–titanium diboride (TI-TiB2) composite shows promise as a biomaterial for dental implants or other bone replacements due to its better corrosion resistance and wettability and good cytocompatibility.
- Although the in vitro results showed that the Ti-TiB2 composite would be a better choice as a biomaterial for dental implant applications, further in vivo studies are required to ensure its success in clinical applications.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ions | Na+ | K+ | Mg2+ | Ca2+ | Cl− | HCO3− | HPO42− | SO42− | Buffer | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SBF | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 147.8 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | Tris | 7.4 |
Samples | Icorr. × 10−3 mA/cm2 | Ecorr. mV | Corrosion Rate mpy (Millimeter per Year) | Cathodic Tafel Slope βc | Anodic Tafel Slope βa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pure (Ti) | 0.215 ± 0.0019 | −84.8 ± 0.46 | 0.084 ± 0.0011 | −54.5 | 36.9 |
Composite (Ti-TiB2) | 0.066 ± 0.0015 | 4.5 ± 0.094 | 0.036 ± 0.0001 | −33.6 | 28.6 |
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Aljafery, A.M.A.; Fatalla, A.A.; Haider, J. Cytotoxicity, Corrosion Resistance, and Wettability of Titanium and Ti-TiB2 Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy for Dental Implants. Metals 2024, 14, 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14050538
Aljafery AMA, Fatalla AA, Haider J. Cytotoxicity, Corrosion Resistance, and Wettability of Titanium and Ti-TiB2 Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy for Dental Implants. Metals. 2024; 14(5):538. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14050538
Chicago/Turabian StyleAljafery, Ali Mohammad Ali, Abdalbseet A. Fatalla, and Julfikar Haider. 2024. "Cytotoxicity, Corrosion Resistance, and Wettability of Titanium and Ti-TiB2 Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy for Dental Implants" Metals 14, no. 5: 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14050538