Fluid Dynamics Studies on Bottom Liquid Detachment from a Rising Bubble Crossing a Liquid–Liquid Interface
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methodology
2.1. Experimental Setup
2.2. Materials
2.3. Image Processing
3. Results
3.1. Bubble Passages at the Interface between Immiscible Liquids
3.1.1. Thin Liquid Film Detachment from Small Bubbles
3.1.2. Lower Liquid Shell Detachment from Medium Bubbles
3.1.3. Lower Liquid Column Detachment from Large Bubbles
3.2. Detachment Height of Lower Liquid from a Rising Bubble
3.2.1. Influence of Interfacial Tension
3.2.2. Influence of Upper Liquid Viscosity
3.2.3. Influence of Lower Liquid Viscosity
3.2.4. Influence of Lower Liquid Density
3.3. Bubble Terminal Rising Velocities
3.4. Correlation of the Detachment Height and Non-Dimensional Numbers
4. Industrial Applications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lower Phase | Upper Phase | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Material | Viscosity/cP | Density/ g·cm−3 | Surface Tension/ mN·m−1 | Material | Density/ g·cm−3 | Surface Tension/ mN·m−1 |
Glycerol 80% | 60.1 | 1.21 | 48.06 | 10 cP silicone | 0.930 | 20.1 |
Glycerol 70% | 22.5 | 1.19 | 48.26 | 50 cP silicone | 0.959 | 20.7 |
Glycerol 60% | 10.8 | 1.16 | 48.11 | 200 cP silicone | 0.970 | 21.1 |
Glycerol 40% | 3.72 | 1.10 | 48.66 | 500 cP silicone | 0.970 | 21.1 |
CaCl2 40% | 8.48 | 1.42 | 58.03 | |||
CaCl2 30% | 3.33 | 1.30 | 58.28 | |||
CaCl2 20% | 1.81 | 1.19 | 57.00 | |||
Water (SDS) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 42.89 | |||
1.00 | 1.00 | 49.20 | ||||
1.00 | 1.00 | 55.48 | ||||
1.00 | 1.00 | 62.36 | ||||
1.00 | 1.00 | 72.14 |
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Cheng, X.; Qing, G.; Zhao, Z.; Zhao, B. Fluid Dynamics Studies on Bottom Liquid Detachment from a Rising Bubble Crossing a Liquid–Liquid Interface. Metals 2024, 14, 1005. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091005
Cheng X, Qing G, Zhao Z, Zhao B. Fluid Dynamics Studies on Bottom Liquid Detachment from a Rising Bubble Crossing a Liquid–Liquid Interface. Metals. 2024; 14(9):1005. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091005
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Xiangfeng, Gele Qing, Zhixing Zhao, and Baojun Zhao. 2024. "Fluid Dynamics Studies on Bottom Liquid Detachment from a Rising Bubble Crossing a Liquid–Liquid Interface" Metals 14, no. 9: 1005. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091005