Performance Evaluation of MQCL Hard Milling of SKD 11 Tool Steel Using MoS2 Nanofluid
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Experimental Set Up
2.2. The Preparation of MoS2 Nanofluid
2.3. Experiment Design
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Effects of Input Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness
3.2. The Optimized and Validated Experiments
3.2.1. The Effects of Cooling and Lubricating on Surface Quality
3.2.2. The Effect of MoS2 Nanoparticle Concentration on Surface Roughness
3.2.3. The Effect of MQCL Technique Using MoS2 Nanofluid on Cutting Performance
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
1 Std Order | Run Order | 2 Pt Type | Blocks | Input Machining Parameters | Response Variable | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | X2 | X3 | Ra | ||||
1 | 20 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 90 | 56 | 0.115 |
2 | 30 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 90 | 56 | 0.139 |
3 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 110 | 56 | 0.127 |
4 | 41 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 110 | 56 | 0.118 |
5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 52 | 0.201 |
6 | 39 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 52 | 0.257 |
7 | 32 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 60 | 0.189 |
8 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 60 | 0.212 |
9 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 52 | 0.202 |
10 | 29 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 52 | 0.161 |
11 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 60 | 0.214 |
12 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 60 | 0.194 |
13 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 0.116 |
14 | 43 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 0.131 |
15 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 0.139 |
16 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 90 | 56 | 0.092 |
17 | 21 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 90 | 56 | 0.179 |
18 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 110 | 56 | 0.141 |
19 | 37 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 110 | 56 | 0.109 |
20 | 38 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 52 | 0.112 |
21 | 33 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 52 | 0.187 |
22 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 60 | 0.111 |
23 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 60 | 0.124 |
24 | 28 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 52 | 0.189 |
25 | 45 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 52 | 0.207 |
26 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 60 | 0.196 |
27 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 60 | 0.184 |
28 | 15 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 0.151 |
29 | 36 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 0.138 |
30 | 27 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 0.229 |
31 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 90 | 56 | 0.112 |
32 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 90 | 56 | 0.102 |
33 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 110 | 56 | 0.101 |
34 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 110 | 56 | 0.162 |
35 | 35 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 52 | 0.138 |
36 | 25 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 52 | 0.165 |
37 | 42 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 60 | 0.121 |
38 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 60 | 0.118 |
39 | 31 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 52 | 0.201 |
40 | 26 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 52 | 0.192 |
41 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 60 | 0.175 |
42 | 40 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 60 | 0.126 |
43 | 44 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 0.141 |
44 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 0.172 |
45 | 34 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 0.185 |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 6 | 0.030316 | 0.005053 | 4.63 | <0.001 |
Linear | 3 | 0.006987 | 0.002329 | 2.14 | 0.112 |
X1 | 1 | 0.004056 | 0.004056 | 3.72 | 0.061 |
X2 | 1 | 0.000368 | 0.000368 | 0.34 | 0.565 |
X3 | 1 | 0.002563 | 0.002563 | 2.35 | 0.134 |
Square | 3 | 0.023329 | 0.007776 | 7.13 | <0.001 |
X1*X1 | 1 | 0.008849 | 0.008849 | 8.12 | <0.007 |
X2*X2 | 1 | 0.000085 | 0.000085 | 0.08 | 0.782 |
X3*X3 | 1 | 0.012607 | 0.012607 | 11.56 | <0.002 |
Error | 38 | 0.041433 | 0.001090 | - | - |
Lack-of-Fit | 6 | 0.003599 | 0.000600 | 0.51 | 0.798 |
Pure Error | 32 | 0.037834 | 0.001182 | - | - |
Total | 44 | 0.071750 | - | - | - |
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Chemical Composition (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | Mo | W | V | Cu | P | S |
1.4–1.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 11.0–13.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 0.2–0.5 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 |
Control Factor | Unit | Symbol | Level | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Medium | High | |||
Nanoparticle concentration (np) | wt% | x1 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
Cutting speed (Vc) | m/min | x2 | 90 | 100 | 110 |
Hardness | HRC | x3 | 52 | 56 | 60 |
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Dong, P.Q.; Duc, T.M.; Long, T.T. Performance Evaluation of MQCL Hard Milling of SKD 11 Tool Steel Using MoS2 Nanofluid. Metals 2019, 9, 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060658
Dong PQ, Duc TM, Long TT. Performance Evaluation of MQCL Hard Milling of SKD 11 Tool Steel Using MoS2 Nanofluid. Metals. 2019; 9(6):658. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060658
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Pham Quang, Tran Minh Duc, and Tran The Long. 2019. "Performance Evaluation of MQCL Hard Milling of SKD 11 Tool Steel Using MoS2 Nanofluid" Metals 9, no. 6: 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060658