Critical Stress Determination of Local and Distortional Buckling of Lipped Angle Columns under Axial Compression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. CUFSM for Solving Critical Stress of Elastic Buckling
2.1. Introduction of CUFSM
2.2. Verification of CUFSM
2.3. The Development of MATLAB Version of CUFSM
3. Critical Stress of Elastic Local Buckling of Angle Columns under Axial Compression
3.1. Sectional Dimension
3.2. Critical Stress of Elastic Local Buckling of Simple Lipped Angle Members
3.3. Critical Stress of Elastic Local Buckling of Complex Lipped Angle Members
4. Critical Stress of the Elastic Distortional Buckling of Simple Lipped Angle Columns
5. Critical Stress of Elastic Distortional Buckling of Complex Lipped Angle Members
5.1. Section without Distortional Point
5.2. Section with Distortional Point
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- To calculate the critical stresses of elastic local buckling of the angle steel section, the interaction between the panels should be considered. The binding effect of different edge forms on the limb is not the same. The constraint effect of a complex edge on the limb is always greater than that of a simple edge.
- (2)
- The critical stress of elastic local buckling increases with the increase of the limb length ratio for both the simple lipped unequal limb angle steel and complex lipped unequal limb angle steel. Formulas for calculating the critical stress of elastic local buckling of lipped angle steel section considering the restraint between plates are proposed and verified.
- (3)
- According to the different methods of determining the critical stresses of elastic distortional buckling, the complex lipped angle steel sections are divided into two categories by judging the size of the first edge: (1) when c ≤ 0.3a, the curve doesn’t have the second minimum point, and the cross-section belongs to the section without distortional point; (2) when c > 0.3a, the second minimum point appears on the curve, and the cross-section belongs to the section with distortional point.
- (4)
- For the section without a distortional point, the critical stresses of elastic distortional buckling are taken as the lesser of the elastic critical stresses corresponding to the maximum deformation of distortion buckling (inflection point of curve) and the maximum probability of distortional buckling. For the section with a distortional point, the critical stress of the second minimum point (distortional point) in the curve can be taken as the critical stresses elastic of distortional buckling of the complex lipped angle section. The method proposed by Hancock can be used to calculate the elastic critical stresses of distortional buckling for this kind of section.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Series | a/t | a/b | c/a | d/a | d/c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Complex edge | 40~200 | 1.0~1.5 | 0.2~0.5 | 0.1~0.3 | 0.5~1.0 |
a/t | Critical Stress of Elastic Local Buckling with Different c/a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.15 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.45 | |
40 | 515.63 | 518.02 | 512.94 | 499.99 | 472.89 | 433.36 | 384.09 |
60 | 232.11 | 231.96 | 229.06 | 222.53 | 210.65 | 192.60 | 170.86 |
80 | 131.13 | 130.81 | 129.05 | 125.25 | 118.57 | 108.40 | 96.14 |
100 | 84.09 | 83.82 | 82.66 | 80.20 | 75.89 | 69.40 | 61.54 |
120 | 58.46 | 58.25 | 57.42 | 55.71 | 52.72 | 48.19 | 42.74 |
140 | 42.97 | 42.80 | 42.19 | 40.94 | 38.73 | 35.40 | 31.40 |
160 | 32.91 | 32.78 | 32.30 | 31.34 | 29.65 | 27.11 | 24.04 |
180 | 26.01 | 25.90 | 25.53 | 24.76 | 23.43 | 21.42 | 19.00 |
200 | 21.07 | 20.98 | 20.68 | 20.06 | 18.98 | 17.35 | 15.39 |
a/t | c/a | /MPa | /MPa | |
---|---|---|---|---|
50 | 0.25 | 332.81 | 336.06 | 0.99 |
0.35 | 325.26 | 320.94 | 1.01 | |
0.45 | 287.79 | 278.80 | 1.03 | |
70 | 0.25 | 170.77 | 171.46 | 1.00 |
0.35 | 166.33 | 163.74 | 1.02 | |
0.45 | 146.83 | 142.24 | 1.03 | |
90 | 0.25 | 103.55 | 103.72 | 1.00 |
0.35 | 100.66 | 99.06 | 1.02 | |
0.45 | 88.90 | 86.05 | 1.03 | |
110 | 0.25 | 69.39 | 69.43 | 1.00 |
0.35 | 67.40 | 66.31 | 1.02 | |
0.45 | 59.50 | 57.60 | 1.03 | |
Mean | 1.015 | |||
COV | 0.013 |
a/t | a/b | Critical Stresses of Local Buckling with Different c/a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.4 | 0.45 | 0.5 | ||
40 | 1.1 | 552.72 | 554.64 | 547.00 | 529.72 | 497.39 | 448.58 | 393.56 |
1.2 | 572.17 | 573.67 | 564.86 | 544.61 | 509.69 | 455.90 | 398.27 | |
1.3 | 583.39 | 584.61 | 574.92 | 553.01 | 515.77 | 459.98 | 400.96 | |
1.4 | 589.87 | 590.38 | 581.53 | 558.48 | 519.58 | 462.62 | 402.72 | |
1.5 | 594.07 | 594.48 | 586.23 | 562.44 | 522.30 | 464.51 | 403.92 | |
60 | 1.1 | 249.15 | 248.54 | 244.47 | 236.18 | 221.23 | 199.60 | 175.08 |
1.2 | 257.26 | 256.51 | 252.37 | 242.83 | 226.48 | 203.04 | 177.11 | |
1.3 | 261.69 | 260.80 | 256.45 | 246.60 | 229.44 | 204.92 | 178.18 | |
1.4 | 264.60 | 263.60 | 259.03 | 249.06 | 231.36 | 206.03 | 178.87 | |
1.5 | 266.72 | 265.65 | 260.90 | 250.85 | 232.62 | 206.83 | 179.37 | |
80 | 1.1 | 140.65 | 140.13 | 137.75 | 132.99 | 124.55 | 112.33 | 98.50 |
1.2 | 145.25 | 144.56 | 142.07 | 136.74 | 127.44 | 114.18 | 99.60 | |
1.3 | 147.87 | 147.08 | 144.38 | 138.87 | 129.06 | 115.21 | 100.22 | |
1.4 | 149.59 | 148.73 | 145.89 | 140.26 | 130.12 | 115.88 | 100.63 | |
1.5 | 150.71 | 149.94 | 146.99 | 141.27 | 130.88 | 116.37 | 100.92 | |
100 | 1.1 | 90.16 | 89.74 | 88.23 | 85.16 | 79.75 | 71.89 | 63.03 |
1.2 | 93.17 | 92.64 | 90.96 | 87.56 | 81.59 | 73.10 | 63.75 | |
1.3 | 94.79 | 94.27 | 92.47 | 88.92 | 82.62 | 73.77 | 64.15 | |
1.4 | 95.81 | 95.25 | 93.46 | 89.82 | 83.28 | 74.19 | 64.42 | |
1.5 | 96.56 | 95.97 | 94.19 | 90.42 | 83.76 | 74.49 | 64.61 | |
120 | 1.1 | 62.68 | 62.35 | 61.30 | 59.15 | 55.37 | 49.94 | 43.77 |
1.2 | 64.75 | 64.38 | 63.19 | 60.82 | 56.68 | 50.76 | 44.27 | |
1.3 | 65.88 | 65.47 | 64.25 | 61.77 | 57.39 | 51.22 | 44.56 | |
1.4 | 66.62 | 66.18 | 64.94 | 62.38 | 57.84 | 51.52 | 44.75 | |
1.5 | 67.16 | 66.70 | 65.41 | 62.80 | 58.17 | 51.74 | 44.88 | |
140 | 1.1 | 46.04 | 45.89 | 45.26 | 43.91 | 41.40 | 37.46 | 32.80 |
1.2 | 47.57 | 47.35 | 46.58 | 44.99 | 42.09 | 37.79 | 32.95 | |
1.3 | 48.43 | 48.15 | 47.31 | 45.60 | 42.49 | 37.99 | 33.04 | |
1.4 | 48.95 | 48.68 | 47.78 | 45.99 | 42.76 | 38.14 | 33.12 | |
1.5 | 49.33 | 49.04 | 48.13 | 46.28 | 42.97 | 38.25 | 33.18 | |
160 | 1.1 | 35.27 | 35.15 | 34.66 | 33.62 | 31.69 | 28.67 | 25.11 |
1.2 | 36.44 | 36.26 | 35.67 | 34.45 | 32.23 | 28.93 | 25.23 | |
1.3 | 37.08 | 36.88 | 36.23 | 34.91 | 32.54 | 29.09 | 25.30 | |
1.4 | 37.49 | 37.27 | 36.59 | 35.22 | 32.74 | 29.20 | 25.36 | |
1.5 | 37.79 | 37.55 | 36.86 | 35.44 | 32.90 | 29.29 | 25.40 | |
180 | 1.1 | 27.87 | 27.78 | 27.39 | 26.57 | 25.04 | 22.66 | 19.84 |
1.2 | 28.80 | 28.66 | 28.19 | 27.22 | 25.47 | 22.86 | 19.93 | |
1.3 | 29.31 | 29.14 | 28.63 | 27.59 | 25.71 | 22.99 | 19.99 | |
1.4 | 29.64 | 29.45 | 28.92 | 27.83 | 25.87 | 23.07 | 20.04 | |
1.5 | 29.87 | 29.68 | 29.13 | 28.01 | 26.00 | 23.14 | 20.07 | |
200 | 1.1 | 22.58 | 22.50 | 22.18 | 21.52 | 20.29 | 18.35 | 16.07 |
1.2 | 23.33 | 23.21 | 22.83 | 22.05 | 20.63 | 18.52 | 16.15 | |
1.3 | 23.75 | 23.61 | 23.19 | 22.35 | 20.83 | 18.62 | 16.19 | |
1.4 | 24.01 | 23.86 | 23.42 | 22.54 | 20.96 | 18.69 | 16.23 | |
1.5 | 24.20 | 24.04 | 23.59 | 22.69 | 21.06 | 18.74 | 16.26 |
a/t | a/b | /MPa | /MPa | |
---|---|---|---|---|
70 | 1.1 | 175.34 | 171.57 | 1.02 |
1.2 | 179.67 | 176.16 | 1.02 | |
1.3 | 182.14 | 179.64 | 1.01 | |
1.4 | 183.80 | 182.01 | 1.01 | |
1.5 | 185.02 | 183.27 | 1.01 | |
110 | 1.1 | 71.10 | 69.48 | 1.02 |
1.2 | 72.85 | 71.34 | 1.02 | |
1.3 | 73.86 | 72.75 | 1.02 | |
1.4 | 74.49 | 73.71 | 1.01 | |
1.5 | 74.95 | 74.22 | 1.01 | |
Mean | 1.016 | |||
COV | 0.005 |
a/t | d/c | Critical Stress of Elastic Local Buckling with Different c/a | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.45 | ||
40 | 0.50 | 553.17 | 578.69 | 583.60 | 583.57 | 581.68 | 579.08 |
0.75 | 576.74 | 587.51 | 588.06 | 585.83 | 582.64 | 579.00 | |
1.00 | 586.61 | 591.19 | 589.58 | 585.87 | 580.17 | - | |
60 | 0.50 | 259.53 | 263.49 | 263.18 | 261.95 | 260.57 | 258.98 |
0.75 | 265.15 | 265.33 | 263.92 | 262.27 | 260.59 | 256.00 | |
1.00 | 266.99 | 265.92 | 264.05 | 261.97 | 259.00 | - | |
80 | 0.50 | 148.84 | 149.18 | 148.43 | 147.47 | 146.51 | 145.59 |
0.75 | 150.55 | 149.86 | 148.73 | 147.57 | 146.46 | 144.00 | |
1.00 | 151.22 | 150.085 | 148.73 | 147.32 | 145.60 | - | |
100 | 0.50 | 96.12 | 95.82 | 95.18 | 94.52 | 93.90 | 93.32 |
0.75 | 96.79 | 96.08 | 95.29 | 94.54 | 93.85 | 92.30 | |
1.00 | 97.04 | 96.15 | 95.25 | 94.37 | 93.26 | - | |
120 | 0.50 | 67.07 | 66.71 | 66.18 | 65.67 | 65.21 | 64.77 |
0.75 | 67.41 | 66.83 | 66.24 | 65.68 | 65.16 | 64.10 | |
1 | 67.52 | 66.86 | 66.21 | 65.54 | 64.74 | - | |
140 | 0.5 | 49.39 | 49.04 | 48.63 | 48.26 | 47.93 | 47.62 |
0.75 | 49.59 | 49.12 | 48.66 | 48.26 | 47.93 | 47.10 | |
1.00 | 49.66 | 49.13 | 48.64 | 48.16 | 47.58 | - | |
160 | 0.50 | 37.88 | 37.58 | 37.26 | 36.97 | 36.70 | 36.45 |
0.75 | 38.00 | 37.62 | 37.28 | 36.96 | 36.66 | 36.10 | |
1.00 | 38.04 | 37.63 | 37.25 | 36.88 | 36.42 | - | |
180 | 0.50 | 29.98 | 29.71 | 29.44 | 29.21 | 29.00 | 28.81 |
0.75 | 30.05 | 29.74 | 29.45 | 29.20 | 28.97 | 28.50 | |
1.00 | 30.07 | 29.74 | 29.43 | 29.14 | 28.78 | - | |
200 | 0.50 | 24.30 | 24.07 | 23.85 | 23.67 | 23.49 | 23.33 |
0.75 | 24.35 | 24.09 | 23.86 | 23.66 | 23.47 | 23.10 | |
1.00 | 24.37 | 24.09 | 23.84 | 23.61 | 23.31 | - |
a/t | c/a | d/c | /MPa | /MPa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
50 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 375.57 | 371.69 | 1.01 |
0.35 | 375.78 | 371.69 | 1.01 | ||
0.45 | 371.18 | 371.69 | 1.00 | ||
70 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 194.24 | 189.64 | 1.02 |
0.35 | 192.42 | 189.64 | 1.01 | ||
0.45 | 190.15 | 189.64 | 1.00 | ||
90 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 118.23 | 114.72 | 1.03 |
0.75 | 118.58 | 114.72 | 1.03 | ||
1.00 | 118.69 | 114.72 | 1.03 | ||
110 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 79.28 | 76.79 | 1.03 |
0.75 | 79.47 | 76.79 | 1.03 | ||
1.00 | 79.52 | 76.79 | 1.04 | ||
Mean | 1.020 | ||||
COV | 0.013 |
a/t | a/b | Critical Stress of Elastic Local Buckling with Different c/a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.50 | ||
40 | 1.1 | 594.77 | 618.50 | 624.26 | 624.28 | 622.13 | 619.10 | 615.67 |
1.2 | 616.28 | 637.90 | 644.06 | 644.10 | 641.80 | 638.56 | 634.85 | |
1.3 | 627.99 | 648.71 | 655.10 | 655.16 | 652.77 | 649.41 | 645.54 | |
1.4 | 634.56 | 655.74 | 662.30 | 661.66 | 659.32 | 656.48 | 652.52 | |
1.5 | 639.31 | 660.85 | 666.77 | 665.42 | 663.06 | 660.29 | 657.32 | |
60 | 1.1 | 278.62 | 281.26 | 280.69 | 279.29 | 277.70 | 276.10 | 274.49 |
1.2 | 286.99 | 289.62 | 289.02 | 287.54 | 285.85 | 284.14 | 282.41 | |
1.3 | 291.52 | 294.24 | 293.62 | 292.09 | 290.35 | 288.58 | 286.78 | |
1.4 | 294.47 | 297.24 | 296.62 | 295.06 | 293.29 | 291.47 | 289.63 | |
1.5 | 296.61 | 299.44 | 298.81 | 297.23 | 295.43 | 293.58 | 291.70 | |
80 | 1.1 | 159.45 | 159.45 | 158.60 | 157.61 | 156.64 | 155.73 | 154.68 |
1.2 | 164.03 | 164.02 | 163.12 | 162.67 | 161.05 | 160.07 | 159.11 | |
1.3 | 166.54 | 166.17 | 165.61 | 164.53 | 163.47 | 162.46 | 161.46 | |
1.4 | 168.17 | 168.17 | 167.22 | 166.12 | 165.05 | 164.01 | 162.99 | |
1.5 | 169.36 | 169.36 | 168.40 | 167.29 | 166.19 | 165.14 | 164.10 | |
100 | 1.1 | 102.79 | 102.45 | 101.73 | 100.97 | 100.26 | 99.59 | 98.95 |
1.2 | 105.76 | 105.31 | 104.59 | 103.87 | 103.21 | 102.58 | 101.92 | |
1.3 | 107.34 | 106.88 | 106.14 | 105.40 | 104.71 | 104.07 | 103.44 | |
1.4 | 108.36 | 107.90 | 107.15 | 106.39 | 105.69 | 105.03 | 104.39 | |
1.5 | 109.11 | 108.65 | 107.90 | 107.12 | 106.40 | 105.73 | 105.08 | |
120 | 1.1 | 71.66 | 71.22 | 70.66 | 70.13 | 69.64 | 69.19 | 68.76 |
1.2 | 73.74 | 73.27 | 72.72 | 72.21 | 71.69 | 71.21 | 70.75 | |
1.3 | 74.82 | 74.34 | 73.78 | 73.25 | 72.77 | 72.33 | 71.85 | |
1.4 | 75.53 | 75.04 | 74.46 | 73.93 | 73.44 | 72.98 | 72.54 | |
1.5 | 76.04 | 75.55 | 74.96 | 74.42 | 73.92 | 73.46 | 73.01 | |
140 | 1.1 | 52.77 | 52.37 | 51.94 | 51.55 | 51.19 | 50.86 | 50.52 |
1.2 | 54.31 | 53.90 | 53.46 | 53.04 | 52.67 | 52.32 | 51.99 | |
1.3 | 55.10 | 54.67 | 54.24 | 53.85 | 53.48 | 53.12 | 52.78 | |
1.4 | 55.00 | 55.18 | 54.74 | 54.34 | 53.98 | 53.64 | 53.29 | |
1.5 | 55.97 | 55.55 | 55.10 | 54.69 | 54.33 | 53.99 | 53.66 | |
160 | 1.1 | 40.47 | 40.13 | 39.79 | 39.48 | 39.19 | 38.93 | 38.68 |
1.2 | 41.65 | 41.29 | 40.93 | 40.61 | 40.33 | 40.70 | 39.82 | |
1.3 | 42.25 | 41.89 | 41.55 | 41.23 | 40.94 | 40.67 | 40.41 | |
1.4 | 42.63 | 42.27 | 41.92 | 41.62 | 41.33 | 41.06 | 40.79 | |
1.5 | 42.92 | 42.55 | 42.20 | 41.89 | 41.61 | 41.34 | 41.07 | |
180 | 1.1 | 32.01 | 31.73 | 31.44 | 31.19 | 30.97 | 30.76 | 30.56 |
1.2 | 32.93 | 32.63 | 32.30 | 32.10 | 31.88 | 31.66 | 31.46 | |
1.3 | 33.41 | 33.12 | 32.83 | 32.58 | 32.35 | 32.14 | 31.94 | |
1.4 | 33.72 | 33.42 | 33.14 | 32.89 | 32.66 | 32.44 | 32.24 | |
1.5 | 33.94 | 33.63 | 33.35 | 33.11 | 32.88 | 32.66 | 32.45 | |
200 | 1.1 | 25.96 | 25.70 | 25.47 | 25.30 | 25.09 | 24.92 | 24.76 |
1.2 | 26.69 | 26.44 | 26.21 | 26.01 | 25.82 | 25.65 | 25.48 | |
1.3 | 26.87 | 26.83 | 26.60 | 26.39 | 26.21 | 26.04 | 25.87 | |
1.4 | 27.33 | 27.08 | 26.85 | 26.64 | 26.45 | 26.28 | 26.12 | |
1.5 | 27.51 | 27.25 | 27.02 | 26.82 | 26.63 | 26.46 | 26.29 |
a/t | a/b | /MPa | /MPa | |
---|---|---|---|---|
70 | 1.1 | 205.67 | 198.70 | 1.04 |
1.2 | 211.80 | 204.02 | 1.04 | |
1.3 | 214.79 | 208.05 | 1.03 | |
1.4 | 216.72 | 210.79 | 1.03 | |
1.5 | 218.13 | 212.25 | 1.03 | |
110 | 1.1 | 83.46 | 80.47 | 1.04 |
1.2 | 85.86 | 82.62 | 1.04 | |
1.3 | 87.18 | 84.25 | 1.03 | |
1.4 | 88.03 | 85.36 | 1.03 | |
1.5 | 88.58 | 85.95 | 1.03 | |
Mean | 1.033 | |||
COV | 0.014 |
a | b | c | d | a/b | d/c | c/a | Series | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
160 | 160 | 32 | 16 | 1.0 | 0.50 | 0.2 | 217 | without distortional point |
145 | 32 | 24 | 1.1 | 0.75 | 302 | |||
133 | 32 | 32 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 350 | |||
123 | 32 | 16 | 1.3 | 0.50 | 261 | |||
115 | 32 | 24 | 1.4 | 0.75 | 338 | |||
105 | 32 | 32 | 1.5 | 1.00 | 375 | |||
160 | 160 | 64 | 32 | 1.0 | 0.50 | 0.4 | 445 | with distortional point |
145 | 64 | 48 | 1.1 | 0.75 | 490 | |||
133 | 64 | 64 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 438 | |||
123 | 64 | 32 | 1.3 | 0.50 | 504 | |||
115 | 64 | 48 | 1.4 | 0.75 | 520 | |||
105 | 64 | 64 | 1.5 | 1.00 | 450 | |||
240 | 240 | 48 | 24 | 1.0 | 0.50 | 0.2 | 130 | without distortional point |
218 | 48 | 36 | 1.1 | 0.75 | 190 | |||
200 | 48 | 48 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 220 | |||
185 | 48 | 24 | 1.3 | 0.50 | 158 | |||
170 | 48 | 36 | 1.4 | 0.75 | 210 | |||
160 | 48 | 48 | 1.5 | 1.00 | 240 | |||
240 | 240 | 96 | 48 | 1.0 | 0.50 | 0.4 | 290 | with distortional point |
218 | 96 | 72 | 1.1 | 0.75 | 320 | |||
200 | 96 | 96 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 300 | |||
185 | 96 | 48 | 1.3 | 0.50 | 327 | |||
170 | 96 | 72 | 1.4 | 0.75 | 340 | |||
160 | 96 | 96 | 1.5 | 1.00 | 304 |
Ca-b-c-d-t | a/b | Hancock | CUFSM | |
---|---|---|---|---|
C240-240-60-30-2 | 1.0 | 240.50 | 181.30 | 0.75 |
C240-218-60-30-2 | 1.1 | 240.50 | 200.27 | 0.83 |
C240-200-60-30-2 | 1.2 | 240.50 | 211.88 | 0.88 |
C240-185-60-30-2 | 1.3 | 240.50 | 200.69 | 0.83 |
C240-171-60-30-2 | 1.4 | 240.50 | 226.92 | 0.94 |
C240-160-60-30-2 | 1.5 | 240.50 | 229.73 | 0.96 |
C280-280-70-35-2 | 1.0 | 241.16 | 151.55 | 0.63 |
C280-254-70-35-2 | 1.1 | 241.16 | 167.90 | 0.70 |
C280-233-70-35-2 | 1.2 | 241.16 | 179.23 | 0.74 |
C280-215-70-35-2 | 1.3 | 241.16 | 185.62 | 0.77 |
C280-200-70-35-2 | 1.4 | 241.16 | 190.96 | 0.79 |
C280-185-70-35-2 | 1.5 | 241.16 | 193.70 | 0.80 |
C360-360-90-45-2 | 1.0 | 236.94 | 114.76 | 0.48 |
C360-327-90-45-2 | 1.1 | 236.94 | 127.01 | 0.54 |
C360-300-90-45-2 | 1.2 | 236.94 | 135.14 | 0.57 |
C360-276-90-45-2 | 1.3 | 236.94 | 141.00 | 0.60 |
C360-257-90-45-2 | 1.4 | 236.94 | 144.51 | 0.61 |
C360-240-90-45-2 | 1.5 | 236.94 | 147.62 | 0.62 |
Mean | 0.73 | |||
COV | 0.14 |
Ca-b-c-d-t | a/b | Hancock | CUFSM | |
---|---|---|---|---|
C240-240-108-54-2 | 1.0 | 321.54 | 302.39 | 0.94 |
C240-218-108-54-2 | 1.1 | 321.54 | 307.88 | 0.96 |
C240-200-108-54-2 | 1.2 | 321.54 | 317.82 | 0.99 |
C240-185-108-54-2 | 1.3 | 321.54 | 327.78 | 1.02 |
C240-171-108-54-2 | 1.4 | 321.54 | 334.34 | 1.04 |
C240-160-108-54-2 | 1.5 | 321.54 | 338.77 | 1.05 |
C280-280-126-63-2 | 1.0 | 268.80 | 257.41 | 0.96 |
C280-254-126-63-2 | 1.1 | 268.80 | 270.61 | 1.01 |
C280-233-126-63-2 | 1.2 | 268.80 | 279.14 | 1.04 |
C280-215-126-63-2 | 1.3 | 268.80 | 284.77 | 1.05 |
C280-200-126-63-2 | 1.4 | 268.80 | 288.58 | 1.07 |
C280-185-126-63-2 | 1.5 | 268.80 | 291.10 | 1.08 |
C360-360-162-81-2 | 1.0 | 200.66 | 198.4 | 0.99 |
C360-327-162-81-2 | 1.1 | 200.66 | 208.64 | 1.04 |
C360-300-162-81-2 | 1.2 | 200.66 | 215.26 | 1.07 |
C360-276-162-81-2 | 1.3 | 200.66 | 219.65 | 1.09 |
C360-257-162-81-2 | 1.4 | 200.66 | 221.00 | 1.10 |
C360-240-162-81-2 | 1.5 | 200.66 | 224.00 | 1.11 |
Mean | 1.033 | |||
COV | 0.048 |
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Zhang, J.; Li, B.; Li, A.; Pang, S. Critical Stress Determination of Local and Distortional Buckling of Lipped Angle Columns under Axial Compression. Buildings 2022, 12, 712. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060712
Zhang J, Li B, Li A, Pang S. Critical Stress Determination of Local and Distortional Buckling of Lipped Angle Columns under Axial Compression. Buildings. 2022; 12(6):712. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060712
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Junfeng, Bo Li, Anqi Li, and Shiyun Pang. 2022. "Critical Stress Determination of Local and Distortional Buckling of Lipped Angle Columns under Axial Compression" Buildings 12, no. 6: 712. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060712