Revealing Impacts of Trees on Modeling Microclimate Behavior in Spaces between Buildings through Simulation Monitoring
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Overview of the Methodology
2.2. Case Area
2.3. The Microclimate Experiment Setup
2.4. Simulation Model in ENVI-Met 4.4.6
2.5. Model Calibration Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Validation Results of Simulation Model in ENVI-Met
3.2. Results of Solar Radiation Distribution
3.3. Results of Air Temperature between Buildings
3.4. Results of Wind between Buildings
3.5. Results of Outdoor Thermal Comfort (PMV) between Buildings
3.6. Results of Façade Temperature
3.7. Results of Overall Average Comparison
3.8. Results of Marquee Data
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
(a). 15 March | |||||||
Canopy Coverage | Layout | Location | ΔS.R. (W/m2) | ΔA.T. (°C) | ΔW.S. (m/s) | ΔPMV | |
1 | 0.866667 | VWD | WBGE | −233.884 | 0.295177 | 0.118485 | 0.014867 |
2 | 0.75 | E | WBGE | −189.122 | 0.274677 | 0.108939 | 0.049034 |
3 | 0.846154 | DD | IBG | −267.35 | 0.204117 | 0.009501 | −0.13796 |
4 | 0.2 | E | IBG | −94.313 | 0.187346 | 0.024717 | 0.001508 |
5 | 0.416667 | E | IBG | −163.057 | 0.300329 | −0.02448 | −0.03615 |
6 | 0.415 | E | IBG | −172.207 | 0.14311 | 0.050275 | −0.02917 |
7 | 0.712963 | VWD | LBGE | −70.6579 | 0.24253 | 0.009321 | 0.095042 |
8 | 0.969697 | DD | LBGE | −288.685 | −0.16867 | 0.232768 | −0.23363 |
9 | 0.636667 | E | IBG | −188.129 | 0.051496 | 0.088151 | −0.03499 |
10 | 0.559441 | E | LBGE | −166.405 | −0.02918 | 0.0913 | −0.05598 |
11 | 0.848485 | VWD | LBGE | −116.632 | 0.015353 | 0.085779 | −0.0078 |
12 | 0.157895 | DD | LBGE | −141.165 | 0.016937 | −0.17098 | −0.08489 |
Wind direction: 12° | |||||||
(b). 15 June | |||||||
Canopy Coverage | Layout | Location | ΔS.R. (W/m2) | ΔA.T. (°C) | ΔW.S. (m/s) | ΔPMV | |
1 | 0.866667 | VWD | LBGE | −1.44717 | 1.607159 | −0.13122 | 0.663578 |
2 | 0.75 | E | LBGE | −1.03549 | 1.444576 | 0.368378 | 0.61605 |
3 | 0.846154 | DD | IBG | −1.76956 | 1.574533 | −0.04317 | 0.604991 |
4 | 0.2 | E | IBG | −1.33 | 1.319982 | −0.03592 | 0.440936 |
5 | 0.416667 | E | IBG | −2.44453 | 1.724289 | −0.17888 | 0.582411 |
6 | 0.415 | E | IBG | −2.44318 | 1.913297 | 0.031413 | 0.656675 |
7 | 0.712963 | VWD | WBGE | −2.68608 | 1.894526 | 0.131189 | 0.64751 |
8 | 0.969697 | DD | WBGE | −1.68921 | 1.089008 | 0.426054 | 0.54987 |
9 | 0.636667 | E | IBG | −2.73334 | 1.53011 | 0.261862 | 0.612494 |
10 | 0.559441 | E | WBGE | −1.21009 | 0.573616 | 0.24289 | 0.3408 |
11 | 0.848485 | VWD | WBGE | −1.53628 | 0.196246 | 0.247588 | 0.259214 |
12 | 0.157895 | DD | LBGE | −3.18532 | 0.016658 | 0.120382 | 0.120383 |
Wind direction: 156° | |||||||
(c). 15 September | |||||||
Canopy Coverage | Layout | Location | ΔS.R. (W/m2) | ΔA.T. (°C) | ΔW.S. (m/s) | ΔPMV | |
1 | 0.866667 | DD | WBGE | −1.44088 | 0.891596 | 0.644554 | 0.464355 |
2 | 0.75 | E | WBGE | −0.97823 | 0.628945 | 0.642251 | 0.399441 |
3 | 0.846154 | VWD | IBG | −1.73729 | 0.743274 | 0.376512 | 0.384758 |
4 | 0.2 | E | IBG | −1.32415 | 1.071369 | 0.418308 | 0.370467 |
5 | 0.416667 | E | IBG | −2.44445 | 0.810564 | −0.0664 | 0.353771 |
6 | 0.415 | E | IBG | −2.45151 | 1.065336 | −0.0966 | 0.439253 |
7 | 0.712963 | DD | LBGE | −2.6319 | 1.175472 | 0.082519 | 0.466394 |
8 | 0.969697 | VWD | LBGE | −1.65825 | 1.262547 | 0.599528 | 0.561655 |
9 | 0.636667 | E | IBG | −2.68482 | 1.511156 | 0.536059 | 0.582903 |
10 | 0.559441 | E | WBGE | −1.17841 | 0.488601 | 0.631484 | 0.298461 |
11 | 0.848485 | DD | WBGE | −1.44598 | 0.458734 | 0.396177 | 0.291394 |
12 | 0.157895 | VWD | WBGE | −3.2256 | −0.02397 | 0.196467 | 0.08979 |
Wind direction: 267° | |||||||
(d). 15 December | |||||||
Canopy Coverage | Layout | Location | ΔS.R. (W/m2) | ΔA.T. (°C) | ΔW.S. (m/s) | ΔPMV | |
1 | 0.866667 | DD | LBGE | −2.12521 | 1.076418 | −0.03395 | 0.434424 |
2 | 0.75 | E | LBGE | −1.41085 | 1.202791 | −0.01014 | 0.458446 |
3 | 0.846154 | VWD | IBG | −2.27264 | 1.005118 | −0.06748 | 0.384099 |
4 | 0.2 | E | IBG | −1.90624 | 0.675531 | −0.05376 | 0.245573 |
5 | 0.416667 | E | IBG | −3.11303 | 1.112071 | −0.05318 | 0.377153 |
6 | 0.415 | E | IBG | −3.14581 | 1.404079 | −0.03865 | 0.464138 |
7 | 0.712963 | DD | WBGE | −2.85953 | 1.087835 | −0.12042 | 0.386298 |
8 | 0.969697 | VWD | WBGE | −2.17563 | 0.942917 | −0.02643 | 0.411017 |
9 | 0.636667 | E | IBG | −2.77692 | 1.023979 | −0.0114 | 0.397938 |
10 | 0.559441 | E | LBGE | −1.7789 | 0.610644 | −0.00148 | 0.273837 |
11 | 0.848485 | DD | WBGE | −1.62501 | 0.373165 | −0.02964 | 0.210405 |
12 | 0.157895 | VWD | LBGE | −4.10567 | 0.690514 | −0.245 | 0.232986 |
Wind direction: 129° |
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Data Logger | Temperature/Humidity | Wind Speed | Wind Direction | Solar Radiation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Version | RX3003 | S-THB-M002 | S-WSB-M003 | S-WDB-M003 | S-LIB-M003 |
Operating temperature | 40–+60 °C | −40–+75 °C | −40–+75 °C | −40–+70 °C | −40–+75 °C |
Accuracy | - | T: ±0.21 ℃ RH: ±2.5% | ±1.1 m/s or ±4% | ±5° | ±10 W/m2 or ±5% |
Resolution | - | T: 0.02 ℃ RH: 0.1% | 0.5 m/s | 1.4° | 1.25 W/m2 |
Measurement range | - | T: −40–+75 ℃ RH: 0–100% | 0–76 m/s | 0–355° | 0–1280 W/m2 |
Size (mm) | 186(H) × 181(L) × 118(W) | 10 × 35 | 410 × 16 | 460 × 200 | 41(H) × 32(Φ) |
EnvironmentData | Sensor Model | Precision | Range | Resolution |
---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature | DHT22 | <±0.5 °C | −40–80 °C | 0.1 °C |
Humidity | ±2% RH | 20–90% RH | 1% RH | |
Light intensity | BH1750FVI | 1 lx | 1–65535 lx | 1 lx |
CO2 concentration | CCS811 | 1 ppm | 400–29,206 ppm | 1 ppm |
TVOC concentration | 1 ppb | 0–32,768 ppb | 1 ppb |
Materials | ID | Reflection | Emissivity | Specific Heat [J/(kg K)] | Thermal Conductivity [W/(mK)] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate insulation | 000000 | 0.50 | 0.90 | 850 | 1.60 |
Concrete wall (cast dense) | 0000C5 | 0.30 | 0.90 | 840 | 1.90 |
Brick wall (aerated) | 0000B1 | 0.40 | 0.90 | 840 | 0.30 |
Brick wall (burned) | 0000B2 | 0.40 | 0.90 | 650 | 0.44 |
Brick wall (reinforced) | 0000B3 | 0.40 | 0.90 | 840 | 1.10 |
Vegetation | ID | Albedo | LAD |
---|---|---|---|
50 cm grass | 0000XX | 0.20 | 0.30 |
25 m trees | 01HLDL | 0.18 | 0.30 |
15 m trees | 0000SK | 0.20 | 0.30 |
Surface | ID | Albedo | Emissivity |
---|---|---|---|
Loamy soil | 000000 | 0.00 | 0.98 |
Asphalt road | 0000ST | 0.20 | 0.90 |
Sensor Point | MAPE | MSE | RMSE (°C) |
---|---|---|---|
A | 18.6% | 0.88 | 0.94 |
B | 17.5% | 0.60 | 0.77 |
C | 17.5% | 1.08 | 1.04 |
D | 18.6% | 0.44 | 0.67 |
Average | 18.05% | 0.75 | 0.855 |
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Share and Cite
Deng, L.; Jia, X.; Wang, W.; Hussain, S.A. Revealing Impacts of Trees on Modeling Microclimate Behavior in Spaces between Buildings through Simulation Monitoring. Buildings 2022, 12, 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081168
Deng L, Jia X, Wang W, Hussain SA. Revealing Impacts of Trees on Modeling Microclimate Behavior in Spaces between Buildings through Simulation Monitoring. Buildings. 2022; 12(8):1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081168
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Lirui, Xibei Jia, Wei Wang, and Syed Asad Hussain. 2022. "Revealing Impacts of Trees on Modeling Microclimate Behavior in Spaces between Buildings through Simulation Monitoring" Buildings 12, no. 8: 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081168