Preliminary Reactivity Test for Precursors of Alkali-Activated Materials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Acid Attack—Method
2.2.2. Structural Analysis—Method
3. Results
3.1. Acid Attack—Results
3.2. Structural Analysis—Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The surface area is not relevant when the materials exhibit particles size medium smaller than 23 µm.
- The amorphous area is only relevant if the material exhibits the optimal chemical composition.
- The chemical composition is a crucial parameter of alkali activation.
- Potential precursors for effective alkali activation should exhibit significant amorphous halo and SiO2/Al2O3 proportion from 2 to 5.
- Silica fume is not viable as a single-precursor for alkali-activation due to the absence of aluminum on its chemical composition.
- Sugarcane bagasse ash mechanically and heat-treated is not a suitable precursor for alkali-activation due to its crystalline character and lower aluminum content.
- Sugarcane bagasse ash mechanically-treated, blast furnace slag, and metakaolin are viable precursors for alkali-activation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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BFS | SF | MK | SCBAM | SCBAMH | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | 32.05 | 95.94 | 62.00 | 32.89 | 73.53 |
Al2O3 | 14.33 | 0.21 | 30.55 | 11.72 | 10.65 |
Fe2O3 | 1.27 | 0.12 | 2.51 | 18.26 | 6.14 |
CaO | 39.46 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 2.90 | 2.39 |
MgO | 8.77 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 2.82 | 1.39 |
TiO2 | 0.53 | 0.01 | 1.45 | 5.90 | 0.95 |
K2O | 0.17 | 0.4 | 0.49 | 2.84 | 2.22 |
MnO | 0.63 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.13 |
P2O5 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.93 | 1.14 |
ZrO2 | - | <0.01 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
SO3 | 1.43 | <0.01 | - | <0.01 | 0.02 |
Na2O | 0.96 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.1 |
Cr2O3 | 0.11 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.20 |
Sum of pozzolanic oxides | 47.65 | 96.27 | 95.06 | 62.87 | 90.32 |
Loss on ignition (LOI) | 0.18 | 2.15 | 2.44 | 20.68 | 0.98 |
SiO2/Al2O3 | 3.80 | 776.66 | 3.45 | 4.77 | 11.74 |
Particle size distribution | |||||
DM (μm) | 22.92 | 21.91 | 22.79 | 17.27 | 17.77 |
D10 (µm) | 1.75 | 5.12 | 3.08 | 2.56 | 2.20 |
D50 (µm) | 15.78 | 20.52 | 19.64 | 13.34 | 12.73 |
D90 (µm) | 55.10 | 40.86 | 46.84 | 38.26 | 41.68 |
Precursor (g) | Paste 01 | Paste 02 | |
---|---|---|---|
H2O/Na2O | H2O/Na2O | SiO2/Na2O | |
30 | 10.44 | 11.38 | 1.36 |
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França, S.; Sousa, L.N.; Silva, M.V.d.M.S.; Borges, P.H.R.; Bezerra, A.C.d.S. Preliminary Reactivity Test for Precursors of Alkali-Activated Materials. Buildings 2023, 13, 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030693
França S, Sousa LN, Silva MVdMS, Borges PHR, Bezerra ACdS. Preliminary Reactivity Test for Precursors of Alkali-Activated Materials. Buildings. 2023; 13(3):693. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030693
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrança, Sâmara, Leila Nóbrega Sousa, Marcos Vinicio de Moura Solar Silva, Paulo Henrique Ribeiro Borges, and Augusto Cesar da Silva Bezerra. 2023. "Preliminary Reactivity Test for Precursors of Alkali-Activated Materials" Buildings 13, no. 3: 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030693