On the Use of Waste Materials for Thermal Improvement of 3D-Printed Block—An Experimental Comparison
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- the topological optimization of the structure, creating complex geometries suitable for mitigating heat transfer phenomena;
- (2)
- the possibility of using the 3D-printed blocks as housing for waste insulation materials.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Methodology
- research on the various insulating materials;
- experimental analyses in Hot Box were conducted using Heat Flux Meter (HFM);
- then, a survey was performed through InfraRed Thermography (IRT) technique.
2.2. The 3D-Printed Block
2.3. Selection of Insulating Materials
2.4. Analysis Phase
- -
- is the progressive sum of the differences between internal and external surface temperatures;
- -
- is the progressive sum of the density of the heat flux;
- -
- Rtot is the total thermal resistance that also includes the internal (Rs,i) and external (Rs,e) thermal resistances taken from the EN ISO 6946 standard [66] equal to 0.13 m2K/W and 0.04 m2K/W, respectively.
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sensor | Type | Measuring Range | Resolution |
---|---|---|---|
Heat flow meter | Hukseflux HFP01 | From −2000 to 2000 W/m2 | 60 × 10−6 V/(W/m2) |
Surface temperature | LSI Lastem DLE 124 | From −40 to 80 °C | 0.01 °C |
Air Temperature | LSI Lastem DLA 033 | From −40 to 80 °C | 0.01 °C |
Datalogger | LSI Lastem M-Log ELO008 | From –300 to 1200 mV | 40 µV |
IR camera | FLIR T1020 | From −40 to 2000 °C | 1024 × 728 pixel |
Sample | Λ | U |
---|---|---|
Block with wood sawdust | 0.74 ± 0.02 | 0.65 ± 0.02 |
Block with sheep’s wool | 0.58 ± 0.02 | 0.53 ± 0.02 |
Block with hemp | 0.74 ± 0.02 | 0.66 ± 0.02 |
Block Type | U-Value [W/m2K] | Percentage Difference [%] |
---|---|---|
Empty block | 1.22 ± 0.04 | 0 |
Block with wood sawdust | 0.65 ± 0.02 | −46.7 |
Block with sheep’s wool | 0.53 ± 0.02 | −56.6 |
Block with hemp | 0.66 ± 0.02 | −45.9 |
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de Rubeis, T.; Ciccozzi, A.; Pasqualoni, G.; Paoletti, D.; Ambrosini, D. On the Use of Waste Materials for Thermal Improvement of 3D-Printed Block—An Experimental Comparison. Buildings 2023, 13, 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051136
de Rubeis T, Ciccozzi A, Pasqualoni G, Paoletti D, Ambrosini D. On the Use of Waste Materials for Thermal Improvement of 3D-Printed Block—An Experimental Comparison. Buildings. 2023; 13(5):1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051136
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Rubeis, Tullio, Annamaria Ciccozzi, Giovanni Pasqualoni, Domenica Paoletti, and Dario Ambrosini. 2023. "On the Use of Waste Materials for Thermal Improvement of 3D-Printed Block—An Experimental Comparison" Buildings 13, no. 5: 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051136