Performance Evaluation of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Pavement Quality Concrete Made with Waste Granite Powder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
R. No. | Author (Year) | Type of Waste | Nature of Replacement in Concrete | Type of Concrete | Finding |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[28] | Prokopski et al. (2020) | Granite dust | Partial replacement of sand. “Portland cement—granite dust—sand” system | Medium-strength concrete | WGP increased the average density of concrete and provided dense micro-structure, the water absorption was reduced by 32–38%, and the water penetration was decreased by 60–70%, when granite dust was added to the concrete mix. The strength was increased about 17 to 19% when compared with the control concrete. |
[29] | Jain et al. (2020) | Granite powder | Partial replacement of fine aggregate | Self-compacting concrete | The strength and durability properties were improved at up to 40% and 60% substitution levels of granite powder, respectively. |
[30] | Ahmed and Tobbala (2022) | Granite dust | Partial replacement of fine aggregate up to 60% | Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) | Greater mechanical properties were achieved, while the water absorption was reduced by 28.8% at 10% replacement level of granite dust. |
[31] | Shwetha et al. (2022) | Granite waste | Partial replacement of cement | Normal-strength concrete | The mechanical properties were enhanced with w/c ratio of 0.45. |
[32] | Mohsen et al. (2022) | Granite waste | Partial replacement of cement | Normal-grade concrete for structural applications | Up to 45 °C, the substitution of 25% granite waste as the cement replacement caused a significant increase in the viscosity, yield stress, and strength properties. |
[33] | Lu et al. (2023) | Granite powder | Partial replacement of sand | Cement mortar | The substitution of granite powder as an inert material could promote the hydration of cement and decreased the porosity and water absorption. |
[34] | Kim et al. (2023) | Granite waste | Partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate | Cement mortar for masonry construction purpose | The workability was increased when a particle size of smaller than 0.15 mm was used as the cement replacement and mitigated the drying shrinkage. The coarse particles of larger than the fraction size of 0.15 mm as the replacement of fine aggregate could contribute to the strength development. |
[35] | Muñoz Pérez et al. (2023) | Granite powder | Partial replacement of sand | Normal-strength concrete | Reduction of the slump was observed. The strength properties were increased thanks to the substitution of granite powder up to 20%. |
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Cement and Aggregates
2.1.2. WGP Preparation
2.2. Mix Proportioning
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. SAI
2.3.2. Fresh and Hardened Properties
2.3.3. Saturated Water Absorption
- Ms = Mass of saturated cube specimen
- Md = Mass of dry cube specimen
2.3.4. Sorptivity
- q = Quantity of water raised per unit contact area
- t = Exposure time
2.3.5. Acid Resistance
- fw = Compressive strength of PQC cured in water
- fa = Compressive strength of PQC immersed in acid
2.3.6. Chloride Penetration Depth
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. SAI
3.2. Effect of WGP on Workability of Fresh PQC
3.3. Effect of WGP on Mechanical Properties of Hardened PQC
3.3.1. Compressive Strength
3.3.2. Flexural Strength (Modulus of Rupture)
3.4. Effect of WGP on Durability Performance of PQC
3.4.1. Water Absorption
3.4.2. Sorptivity
3.4.3. Concrete Deterioration Due to Acid Attack by Visual Assessment
3.4.4. Concrete Deterioration Level Due to Acid Attack by SRF
3.4.5. Chloride Penetration Depth
3.5. Effect of PP Fibers in PQC
3.5.1. Slump Value of PPFRPQC Specimens
3.5.2. Compressive Strength of PPFRPQC Specimens
3.5.3. Flexural Strength of PPFRPQC Specimens
3.5.4. Correlation between Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength
3.5.5. SEM Image Evaluation of PQC Specimens
4. Conclusions
- The pozzolanic performance of WGP was evaluated by SAI and found that the SAI values of the 20% WGP-blended cement mortar were 0.77 and 0.87 after the curing periods of 7 days and 28 days, respectively. These results satisfied the ASTM C311 [40] provisions and hence, WGP can be considered as a suitable natural pozzolanic material in concrete.
- The slump value was decreased insignificantly from 39 mm to 38 mm (the slump value up to 15% WGP in the PQC mixtures), but a higher rate decrease of the slump value was found at higher rate beyond the presence of 15% WGP. The higher replacement of cement by WGP made the consistency of concrete became sticky, which caused the reduction of the slump value.
- The strength of the 15% WGP-blended specimen was 9.8% higher than the control PQC after 28 days of curing and 11.1% higher at a 20% WGP replacement level after 90 days of curing. The higher flexural strength of PQC was detected between at 15% and 20% of replacements of OPC by WGP with reference to the 28 days and 90 days curing periods.
- The encouraging combined effect between WGP and OPC up to a 20% replacement level in PQC was observed according to the SEM image evaluation.
- A decreased trend of sorptivity value was witnessed up to a 20% WGP replacement level after 28 days and 90 days of curing.
- The results of durability performance were tested by the water absorption, acid attack, and chloride penetration depth investigations after 28 days of curing, and better results were noticed than in the control concrete.
- The PPFRPQC specimens were developed and tested. An increasing trend in the compressive strength up to 0.5% addition of PP fibers and in the flexural strength up to 0.75% addition of PP fibers in the PPFRPQC specimens was accomplished. The correlation between the flexural strength and compressive strength was developed in the PPFRPQC specimens as fr = 0.7503(fc)0.5648 with a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9359.
- It is recommended that WGP can be used in PQC as a partial replacement of OPC of up to 18% without affecting the mechanical and durability properties and 0.5% PP fibers can be incorporated in the WGP-blended PQC specimens to develop PPFRPQCs.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Physical Properties | OPC | WGP |
---|---|---|
Specific surface area (m2/g) | 257 | 225 |
Specific gravity | 3.15 | 2.61 |
Chemical Compositions (%) | ||
SiO2 | 21.92 | 72.05 |
Al2O3 | 5.71 | 11.61 |
Fe2O3 | 3.23 | 1.87 |
CaO | 60.37 | 2.23 |
MgO | 1.65 | 1.49 |
Physical Properties | River Sand | Coarse Aggregate |
---|---|---|
Specific gravity | 2.63 | 2.76 |
Grading of aggregate | Grading zone—II | Single-sized |
Fineness modulus | 2.37 | 6.71 |
Bulk density (kg/m3) | 1656 | 1705 |
Water absorption (%) | 0.80 | 0.55 |
Flakiness index (%) | - | 14.57 |
Elongation index (%) | - | 14.63 |
Impact value (%) | - | 11.29 |
Crushing value (%) | - | 12.68 |
Mix Designation | Ingredients (kg/m3) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OPC | WGP | Sand | CA | w/c | Water | |||
GP0 | 100% | 400 | 0% | 0 | 710 | 1120 | 0.45 | 180 |
GP5 | 95% | 380 | 5% | 20 | 710 | 1120 | 0.45 | 180 |
GP10 | 90% | 360 | 10% | 40 | 710 | 1120 | 0.45 | 180 |
GP15 | 85% | 340 | 15% | 60 | 710 | 1120 | 0.45 | 180 |
GP20 | 80% | 320 | 20% | 80 | 710 | 1120 | 0.45 | 180 |
GP25 | 75% | 300 | 25% | 100 | 710 | 1120 | 0.45 | 180 |
Mix Designation | Ingredients (kg/m3) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OPC (82%) | WGP (18%) | Fiber | Sand | CA | Water | ||
WGP18F0 | 328 | 72 | 0% | 0 | 710 | 1120 | 180 |
WGP18F1 | 328 | 72 | 0.25% | 6.025 | 710 | 1120 | 180 |
WGP18F2 | 328 | 72 | 0.5% | 12.05 | 710 | 1120 | 180 |
WGP18F3 | 328 | 72 | 0.75% | 18.075 | 710 | 1120 | 180 |
WGP18F4 | 328 | 72 | 1.0% | 24.10 | 710 | 1120 | 180 |
WGP18F5 | 328 | 72 | 1.25% | 30.125 | 710 | 1120 | 180 |
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Murthi, P.; Lavanya, V.; Bahrami, A.; Poongodi, K. Performance Evaluation of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Pavement Quality Concrete Made with Waste Granite Powder. Buildings 2023, 13, 1294. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051294
Murthi P, Lavanya V, Bahrami A, Poongodi K. Performance Evaluation of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Pavement Quality Concrete Made with Waste Granite Powder. Buildings. 2023; 13(5):1294. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051294
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurthi, Palanisamy, Velpula Lavanya, Alireza Bahrami, and Kolandasamy Poongodi. 2023. "Performance Evaluation of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Pavement Quality Concrete Made with Waste Granite Powder" Buildings 13, no. 5: 1294. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051294