Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Rotational Behavior of Straight Mortise-Tenon Joints Considering Local Compression Perpendicular to Grain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Compression Tests Perpendicular to Grain
2.1. Materials
2.2. Test Setup
2.3. Experimental Results
2.4. Constitutive Model for Wood Perpendicular to Grain
3. Cyclic Loading Tests
3.1. Testing Specimens
3.2. Test Setup and Loading Protocol
3.3. Typical Failure Modes
3.4. Hysteresis Curves
3.5. Skeleton Curves
3.6. Stiffness Degradation
4. Theoretical Predictions
4.1. Basic Assumptions
- (1)
- The local extrusion deformation in the mortise was neglected. This is because the mortise is in compression parallel to the grain, so the local extrusion deformation is far less than that of the timber perpendicular to the grain.
- (2)
- The bi-linear local compression model proposed in this paper is used to simulate the mechanical behavior of wood in different compressive modes perpendicular to the grain.
- (3)
- The friction between the side surfaces of the mortise and the tenon was neglected.
4.2. Geometrical and Physical Condition
4.3. Theoretical Derivations
4.3.1. Sliding Stage
4.3.2. Elastic Stage
4.3.3. Plastic Stage
4.3.4. - Curve
4.4. Validation of Theoretical Results
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The results of the compression tests perpendicular to grain indicated that the yield stress, elastic modulus, and plastic modulus in local compression perpendicular to grain are greater than that in the end local compression and full compression perpendicular to grain. A most approximate area method was used to estimate the yield point of the strain-stress curve, which is good at estimating the theoretical yield point.
- (2)
- The cyclic loading tests showed that the mortise-tenon joints mainly failed by tenon pull-out, crush in local compression, splitting perpendicular to grain and breakage of the tenon. The hysteresis curves of the tested specimens generally exhibit a “Z” shape, which indicates a typical pinching effect. As a result, the moment and initial rotation stiffness of the joint both decrease with the reduction of the tenon length (L), width (W), and height (H). The parameter tenon length and width have a more significant influence on the mechanical behavior of the joints because the mechanical behavior is mainly determined by the compression area formed with tenon length and width.
- (3)
- A theoretical model based on physical and geometric parameters of the mortise-tenon joints was proposed to predict the mechanical behavior, considering middle local compression in the neck of the tenon and end local compression at the end of the tenon. By comparing the theoretical M-θ curves with the experimental M-θ curves, it was found that the theoretical model proposed is reasonable and feasible in predicting the elastic and plastic mechanical behavior of mortise-tenon joints but needs to be improved in predicting the failure mechanical behavior.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Values (MPa) |
---|---|
Elastic modules parallel to grain Ep | 6400 |
Compressive strength parallel to grain fc | 35.3 |
Tensile strength parallel to grain ft | 67.2 |
Shear strength parallel to grain fv | 5.6 |
Sample Group Code | Compression Pattern | Length/mm | Width/mm | Height/mm | Number of Replicates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
JY-H | Middle local compression | 240 | 80 | 80 | 5 |
DJY-H | End local compression | 240 | 80 | 80 | 5 |
QY-H | Full compression | 120 | 80 | 80 | 5 |
Group of Samples | Yie1d Stress σy (MPa) | Yield Strain εy | Elastic Modulus Perpendicular to Grain Eec (MPa) | Plastic Modulus Perpendicular to Grain Epc (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
JY-H | 1.96 | 0.010 | 199.3 | 25.3 |
DJY-H | 1.72 | 0.011 | 159.3 | 19.9 |
QY-H | 1.48 | 0.010 | 146.0 | 12.8 |
Specimen Code | Dimensions of the Tenon (mm) | Number of Replicates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
L | W | H | ||
L170-W50-H140 | 170 | 50 | 140 | 3 |
L128-W50-H140 | 128 | 50 | 140 | 3 |
L170-W40-H140 | 170 | 40 | 140 | 3 |
L170-W50-H120 | 170 | 50 | 120 | 3 |
Specimen | My (kN.m) | K (kN.m/rad) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avg. Exp. | Theo. | Dev. | Avg. Exp. | Theo. | Dev. | |
L170-W50-H140 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 6.41% | 36.83 | 37.91 | 2.94% |
L128-W50-H140 | 0.43 | 0.42 | −2.33% | 19.74 | 18.98 | −3.85% |
L170-W40-H140 | 0.63 | 0.66 | 4.76% | 28.97 | 30.33 | 4.71% |
L170-W50-H120 | 0.70 | 0.82 | 17.14% | 33.33 | 39.00 | 17.01% |
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Liu, X.; Lu, W.; Liu, K.; Xu, F.; Ling, Z.; Yue, K. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Rotational Behavior of Straight Mortise-Tenon Joints Considering Local Compression Perpendicular to Grain. Buildings 2023, 13, 1839. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071839
Liu X, Lu W, Liu K, Xu F, Ling Z, Yue K. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Rotational Behavior of Straight Mortise-Tenon Joints Considering Local Compression Perpendicular to Grain. Buildings. 2023; 13(7):1839. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071839
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xingxing, Weidong Lu, Kaifeng Liu, Fengyan Xu, Zhibin Ling, and Kong Yue. 2023. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Rotational Behavior of Straight Mortise-Tenon Joints Considering Local Compression Perpendicular to Grain" Buildings 13, no. 7: 1839. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071839