Pressure Optimization in Pneumatic Interfaces Using a Single-Bay Seven-Story Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame: Experimental and Numerical Investigation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Modeling of Seven-Story Frames
2.2. Experimental Setup of Seven Story Frames
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. PSI Optimization—Analytical Study
3.2. Story Optimization—Analytical Study
3.3. PSI Optimization—Experimental Study
3.4. Story Optimization—Experimental Study
4. Comparative Study
4.1. Displacement Study
4.2. Stiffness Study
4.3. Drift Study
5. Conclusions
- Maintaining 8 PSI at all seven stories showed the least displacement when compared to other PSI dosages.
- There was a 0.73% difference between 6 PSI and 8 PSI and a 0.48% difference between 8 PSI and 10 PSI.
- The next smallest displacement profile was obtained with 3S8P, so the pressure at the third story alone was set to 8 PSI, and the other stories were set as 2 PSI for this study. There was a gradual increase in displacement of frames when the pressure was moved to the top story, which behaved as a conventional frame.
- The 3S8P and All 8P patterns achieve the least displacement when compared to the other variations. The difference was approximately 0.53% in the analytical study and 0.37% in the experimental work.
- The frame 3S8P achieved the minimum displacement; this was due to the critical position in which the plastic hinge formation occurs at the third story of the frame. Therefore, the pressure was applied at the third story to resist the lateral load, which directly reduced the displacement when compared to the other pressure patterns.
- The optimization was performed using both an experimental model and an analytical model, which had an error percentage of 0.61%.
- There was a higher stiffness in 3S8R2 than in All 8P in both the experimental and analytical studies. The 3S8R2 frame was 0.34% times higher in stiffness than the All 8P frame experimentally.
- The stiffness was increased in the 3S8R2 pressure pattern frame compared to the other patterns due to the resistance of the lateral load by the pressure applied to the butyl rubber tubes.
- The drift ratios prove that there was a significant decrease in the drift of the 3S8R2 pressure pattern frame when compared to All 8P in both the experimental and analytical work. There was an improvement in stiffness that directly reflects a decreasing drift ratio, which caused the frame to not collapse and be more durable.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Features | Modeling Technique |
---|---|
Concrete | 8 nodded 3D cubic continuum solid sections |
Steel as reinforcement | 3D beam wire section |
Masonry infill | 8 nodded 3D right rectangular solid prism |
Interface | Equivalent pressure homogeneous element |
Concrete–steel interaction | Embedded region |
Concrete–interface interaction | Surface-to-surface interaction (used in concrete and butyl rubber tube) |
Interface–masonry infill interaction | Surface-to-surface interaction |
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George, P.K.; Varatharajan, T.; Srinivasan, S.K.; Hakeem, I.Y.; Özkılıç, Y.O. Pressure Optimization in Pneumatic Interfaces Using a Single-Bay Seven-Story Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame: Experimental and Numerical Investigation. Buildings 2023, 13, 2376. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092376
George PK, Varatharajan T, Srinivasan SK, Hakeem IY, Özkılıç YO. Pressure Optimization in Pneumatic Interfaces Using a Single-Bay Seven-Story Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame: Experimental and Numerical Investigation. Buildings. 2023; 13(9):2376. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092376
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge, Prem Kumar, Thirumurugan Varatharajan, Satyanarayanan Kachabeswara Srinivasan, Ibrahim Y. Hakeem, and Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç. 2023. "Pressure Optimization in Pneumatic Interfaces Using a Single-Bay Seven-Story Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame: Experimental and Numerical Investigation" Buildings 13, no. 9: 2376. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092376