Experimental and Numerical Analysis for Eccentricity Solution in Double-Layer Space Truss
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geometric Determination of Eccentricity in Typical Connection Applied DLST
2.1. Eccentricity Solution with Spacer
2.2. Preliminary Numerical Simulation with Typical Connections
2.3. Preliminary Numerical Simulation Results
3. Experimental Program
3.1. Testing on Reduced Space Trusses
3.2. Results of the Testing on Reduced Space Trusses
3.3. Testing in Full-Scale Space Trusses
3.4. Considerations about Experimental Tests
3.5. Numerical Simulation
4. Conclusions
- Typical Connections without structural reinforcement result in local collapse with distortions due to eccentricity with bending moment and premature rupture without taking advantage of the bar’s resistant capacity;
- Typical Connections reinforced without the use of spacers with just the overlapping plate did not increase resistance and broke locally;
- Tests on Typical Connections using spacers, on a small scale, but without the overlapping plate, failed locally in the stamped area of the top chord with an increase of only 24% in relation to Typical Connections without the spacer. Furthermore, there was no global failure with buckling of the bars;
- In tests carried out with a Typical Connection, on a small scale, with a spacer together with the superimposed steel plate, the best results show a gain in resistance of around 43% compared to Typical Connections without reinforcement. In these prototypes, all failures were characterized by global buckling;
- The parametric study with FE in ABAQUS demonstrated that the spacers of the full-scale truss are subjected to normal stress of around 8.96 MPa. Conversely, the parametric study showed that the normal stress flow in the spacers is not linear for the different truss spans;
- To study the application of new spacers in design, the mechanical behavior of spacers for different types of space truss spans was presented with the aim of making it easy for designers to choose the eccentricity correction element with previously calculated normal stresses;
- Through numerical simulation, it was demonstrated that the limitation on the use of spacers with recycled tires is for the use of trusses with spans over 30.00 m. This is because the compression stress (63.69 MPa) can confine the spacer and reduce the height of the element, compromising the accuracy in solving the eccentricity.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source of Test Pieces | fy (MPa) | fu (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Associated Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|
Circular machined section GB/T 228.1-2010, ASTM A36/36M [32,33] | 285.00 | 295.00 | 23.34 | Figure 5 |
Prototypes | Connection | Type of Prototype Tested | Associated |
---|---|---|---|
Name | Static Load Test | Figure | |
PROT 1 | TCST 01 | Typical Connection Space Truss | Figure 11 |
PROT 2 | TCST 02 | Typical Connection Space Truss | |
PROT 3 | TCST 01 | Typical Connection Space Truss | |
PROT 4 | TCSS 01 | Typical Connection with Steel Spacer without reinforcing steel plate | |
PROT 5 | TCSS 02 | Typical Connection with Steel Spacer without reinforcing steel plate | |
PROT 6 | TCSS 03 | Typical Connection with Steel Spacer without reinforcing steel plate | |
PROT 7 | TCSSP 01 | Typical Connection with Steel Spacer with reinforcing steel plate | |
PROT 8 | TCSSP 01 | Typical Connection with Steel Spacer with reinforcing steel plate | |
PROT 9 | TCSSP 02 | Typical Connection with Steel Spacer with reinforcing steel plate |
Prototypes | Connection | Type of Prototype Tested | Associated |
---|---|---|---|
Name | Static Load Test | Figure | |
PROT 1 | TCST 01 | Typical Connection Space Truss | Figure 21 |
PROT 2 | TCST 02 | Typical Connection Space Truss | |
PROT 3 | TCSSP 01 | Typical Connection with Steel Spacer with reinforcing steel plate | |
PROT 4 | TCSSP 02 | Typical Connection with Steel Spacer with reinforcing steel plate | |
PROT 5 | TCRTS 01 | Typical Connection using Recycled Tire Spacer with reinforcing steel plate | |
PROT 6 | TCRTS 02 | Typical Connection using Recycled Tire Spacer with reinforcing steel plate |
Span Truss | Heights (mm) | Bar Number | Axial Force (kN) | Diameter (mm) | Area (mm2) | Spacer (mm) | Normal Stress (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10.00 | 1010.00 | 392.00 | 554.81 | 80.00 | 5024.00 | 30.00 | 10.91 |
20.00 | 2020.00 | 392.00 | 220.00 | 90.00 | 6358.50 | 35.00 | 34.60 |
30.00 | 2400.00 | 512.00 | 499.96 | 100.00 | 7850.00 | 40.00 | 63.69 |
40.00 | 2600.00 | 648.00 | 843.56 | 110.00 | 9498.50 | 45.00 | 88.81 |
50.00 | 2950.00 | 1152.00 | 1364.39 | 120.00 | 11,304.00 | 48.00 | 120.70 |
60.00 | 3500.00 | 1800.00 | 1792.90 | 130.00 | 13,266.50 | 55.00 | 135.14 |
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Vital, W.; Silva, R.; Bezerra, L.M.; Oliveira, C.M.; Freitas, C.A.S.; Bonilla, J. Experimental and Numerical Analysis for Eccentricity Solution in Double-Layer Space Truss. Buildings 2024, 14, 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030608
Vital W, Silva R, Bezerra LM, Oliveira CM, Freitas CAS, Bonilla J. Experimental and Numerical Analysis for Eccentricity Solution in Double-Layer Space Truss. Buildings. 2024; 14(3):608. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030608
Chicago/Turabian StyleVital, Welington, Ramon Silva, Luciano M. Bezerra, Cynthia M. Oliveira, Cleirton A. S. Freitas, and Jorge Bonilla. 2024. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis for Eccentricity Solution in Double-Layer Space Truss" Buildings 14, no. 3: 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030608