Reduction of Heating Energy Demand by Combining Infrared Heaters and Infrared Reflective Walls
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Motivation
1.2. Research and Typical Applications
1.3. Structure of the Paper
2. Methods
2.1. Geometry and General Setup of the Simulation
2.2. Design of Experiments
- Wall temperature, including ceiling and floor:
- Air inlet temperature:
- Wall emissivity, including ceiling and floor:
- Area specific heating power: ()
2.3. Model
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Simulation
3.2. Response Surface
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CCD | Central Composite Design |
IR | Infrared |
PMV | Predicted Mean Vote |
PPD | Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied |
Appendix A
Appendix A.1
Appendix A.2
No. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 |
2 | −1 | 1 | −1 | −1 |
3 | 1 | −1 | −1 | −1 |
4 | 1 | 1 | −1 | −1 |
5 | −1 | −1 | 1 | −1 |
6 | −1 | 1 | 1 | −1 |
7 | 1 | −1 | 1 | −1 |
8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | −1 |
9 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 1 |
10 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 1 |
11 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 1 |
12 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 1 |
13 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 1 |
14 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
15 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 1 |
16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1.547 |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.547 |
19 | 0 | 0 | −1.547 | 0 |
20 | 0 | 0 | 1.547 | 0 |
21 | −1.547 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
22 | 1.547 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
23 | 0 | −1.547 | 0 | 0 |
24 | 0 | 1.547 | 0 | 0 |
25 (CP1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
26 (CP2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
27 (CP3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Appendix A.3
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No. | PMV | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | - | ||||||
1 | 14.24 | 16.41 | 0.24 | 241.4 | 16.24 | 24.20 | −0.46 |
2 | 14.24 | 21.59 | 0.24 | 241.4 | 19.45 | 26.33 | 0.21 |
3 | 18.76 | 16.41 | 0.24 | 241.4 | 17.94 | 25.80 | 0.03 |
4 | 18.76 | 21.59 | 0.24 | 241.4 | 21.13 | 28.89 | 0.98 |
5 | 14.24 | 16.41 | 0.76 | 241.4 | 16.23 | 23.45 | −0.68 |
6 | 14.24 | 21.59 | 0.76 | 241.4 | 19.43 | 25.55 | −0.02 |
7 | 18.76 | 16.41 | 0.76 | 241.4 | 17.92 | 25.30 | −0.12 |
8 | 18.76 | 21.59 | 0.76 | 241.4 | 21.10 | 28.20 | 0.78 |
9 | 14.24 | 16.41 | 0.24 | 758.6 | 16.62 | 25.82 | 0.01 |
10 | 14.24 | 21.59 | 0.24 | 758.6 | 19.80 | 27.86 | 0.66 |
11 | 18.76 | 16.41 | 0.24 | 758.6 | 18.34 | 27.05 | 0.40 |
12 | 18.76 | 21.59 | 0.24 | 758.6 | 21.51 | 30.57 | 1.47 |
13 | 14.24 | 16.41 | 0.76 | 758.6 | 16.51 | 24.30 | −0.43 |
14 | 14.24 | 21.59 | 0.76 | 758.6 | 19.74 | 26.19 | 0.17 |
15 | 18.76 | 16.41 | 0.76 | 758.6 | 18.30 | 25.77 | 0.02 |
16 | 18.76 | 21.59 | 0.76 | 758.6 | 21.45 | 28.93 | 1.00 |
17 | 16.5 | 19 | 0.5 | 100 | 18.52 | 26.16 | 0.14 |
18 | 16.5 | 19 | 0.5 | 900 | 19.08 | 27.39 | 0.51 |
19 | 16.5 | 19 | 0.1 | 500 | 18.97 | 29.65 | 1.16 |
20 | 16.5 | 19 | 0.9 | 500 | 18.87 | 26.17 | 0.15 |
21 | 13 | 19 | 0.5 | 500 | 17.55 | 24.62 | −0.32 |
22 | 20 | 19 | 0.5 | 500 | 20.08 | 27.88 | 0.67 |
23 | 16.5 | 15 | 0.5 | 500 | 16.31 | 24.18 | −0.47 |
24 | 16.5 | 23 | 0.5 | 500 | 21.34 | 28.06 | 0.74 |
25 (CP1) | 16.5 | 19 | 0.5 | 500 | 18.83 | 26.8 | 0.33 |
26 (CP2) | 16.5 | 19 | 0.5 | 500 | 18.83 | 26.8 | 0.33 |
27 (CP3) | 16.5 | 19 | 0.5 | 500 | 18.83 | 26.8 | 0.33 |
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Wille, L.A.; Schiricke, B.; Gehrke, K.; Hoffschmidt, B. Reduction of Heating Energy Demand by Combining Infrared Heaters and Infrared Reflective Walls. Buildings 2024, 14, 2183. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072183
Wille LA, Schiricke B, Gehrke K, Hoffschmidt B. Reduction of Heating Energy Demand by Combining Infrared Heaters and Infrared Reflective Walls. Buildings. 2024; 14(7):2183. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072183
Chicago/Turabian StyleWille, Lukas Anselm, Björn Schiricke, Kai Gehrke, and Bernhard Hoffschmidt. 2024. "Reduction of Heating Energy Demand by Combining Infrared Heaters and Infrared Reflective Walls" Buildings 14, no. 7: 2183. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072183