Understanding Toughening Mechanisms and Damage Behavior in Hybrid-Fiber-Modified Mixtures Using Digital Imaging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Material
2.1.1. Calcium Sulfate Whisker
2.1.2. Basalt Fiber
2.2. Design and Preparation of Mixture
2.2.1. Grading Design of Mixture
2.2.2. Preparation of SCB Test Sample
2.3. Experimental Design of SCB Based on Digital Image Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of Fracture Process of Mixture Based on SCB Test
3.1.1. Load–Vertical Displacement Curve
3.1.2. Load–CMOD Displacement–Time Curve
3.1.3. Crack Propagation Speed
3.2. Analysis of Crack Resistance of Mixture Based on Fracture Mechanics
3.2.1. Fracture Toughness
3.2.2. Fracture Energy
3.2.3. Crack Resistance Index
3.3. Characterization of Fracture Interfaces on the Toughening Mechanism of Hybrid Fiber Modified Mixture
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- At the same temperature, BF can widen the toughness area of asphalt mixture, reduce the stiffness of mixture, increase the residual load at the same displacement, and improve the crack resistance of asphalt mixture matrix. CSW increases the peak load of the mixture, but the stiffness modulus is large, which is unfavorable to the crack toughness of the mixture.
- (2)
- The hybrid-fiber-modified mixture has the slowest crack propagation speed, the smallest absolute value of post-peak curve slope, the largest toughness band width, the largest fracture energy and crack resistance index, the strongest ability to prevent crack propagation, and the best toughness at low temperature.
- (3)
- CSW-modified asphalt mixture absorbs the most energy in the process of fracture and has the highest fracture toughness, but the fracture energy and crack resistance index are small, the crack propagation speed is the fastest, and the toughness is poor, which indicates that the fracture toughness parameters have strong limitations.
- (4)
- The interface characteristics show that BF can increase the asphalt film thickness on the surface of aggregate, disperse the concentrated stress in asphalt mastic, and limit the relative displacement of fine aggregate. CSW can improve the viscoelastic properties of asphalt, improve the interfacial adhesion between materials, and strengthen the fiber reinforcement.
- (5)
- BF is randomly distributed in asphalt mixture in three dimensions and overlapped with each other to form a spatial network structure, which improves the overall tensile strength of asphalt mixture, delays the development speed of cracks, and effectively improves the crack resistance of asphalt mixture.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Project | Result | Unit |
---|---|---|
Appearance | White powder | -- |
Loose density | 0.15–0.3 | g·cm−3 |
Density | 2.69 | g·cm−3 |
Diameter | 1–15 | μm |
Average length | 20–35 | μm |
Aspect ratio | 20–35 | -- |
Mohs hardness | 3 | -- |
Project | Result | Unit |
---|---|---|
Length | 6 | Mm |
Diameter | 15 | Μm |
Density | 2.64 | g·cm−3 |
Tensile strength | 3000 | MPa |
Elasticity modulus | 65.2 | GPa |
Elongation at break | 2.58 | % |
Melting point | 79.1 | °C |
Mass loss (thermal stability) | 0.47 | % |
Moisture absorption rate (water stability) | 0.8 | % |
Oil absorption multiple (oil absorption) | 6.048 | -- |
Oil-Stone Ratio (%) | Relative Density of Gross Volume (g/cm3) | Void Ratio (%) | Gap Rate of Mineral Aggregate (%) | Saturation (%) | Stability (kN) | Flow Value (0.1 mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.0 | 2.386 | 7.1 | 13.90 | 48.3 | 6.54 | 3.59 |
3.5 | 2.401 | 5.8 | 13.72 | 57.6 | 8.02 | 2.79 |
4.0 | 2.420 | 4.3 | 13.43 | 67.5 | 10.23 | 2.38 |
4.5 | 2.445 | 3.0 | 13.17 | 78.1 | 9.57 | 2.70 |
5.0 | 2.468 | 1.9 | 13.06 | 86.2 | 7.06 | 3.48 |
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Share and Cite
Yang, Y.; He, Y.; Fu, R.; Zhao, X.; Shang, H.; Ma, C. Understanding Toughening Mechanisms and Damage Behavior in Hybrid-Fiber-Modified Mixtures Using Digital Imaging. Buildings 2024, 14, 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082562
Yang Y, He Y, Fu R, Zhao X, Shang H, Ma C. Understanding Toughening Mechanisms and Damage Behavior in Hybrid-Fiber-Modified Mixtures Using Digital Imaging. Buildings. 2024; 14(8):2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082562
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Yaohui, Yinzhang He, Rui Fu, Xiaokang Zhao, Hongfa Shang, and Chuanyi Ma. 2024. "Understanding Toughening Mechanisms and Damage Behavior in Hybrid-Fiber-Modified Mixtures Using Digital Imaging" Buildings 14, no. 8: 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082562