Forward Simulation and Complex Signal Analysis of Concrete Crack Depth Detection Using Tracer Electromagnetic Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Principal Analysis
2.1. Tracer Electromagnetic Detection Principle
2.1.1. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Characteristics
2.1.2. Analysis of the Detection Principle of Tracer Electromagnetic Method
2.2. Principles of Complex Signal Analysis
3. Numerical Examples
3.1. Example of Vertical Crack
3.2. Example of Diagonal Crack
4. Example Exploration
4.1. Test Materials and Equipment
- (1)
- Indicator
- (2)
- Indicator filling equipment
- (3)
- Ground-penetrating radar
4.2. Test Methods and Procedures
- (1)
- Clean the structure’s surface of dust and impurities in the cracks before testing, place two bases on the cracks on the structure’s top surface, seal the top surface of the structure’s cracks with epoxy cement on both sides, and fix the grouting bases.
- (2)
- Fill the indicator into one of the bases using a filler, using 20 mL of indicator for this test.
- (3)
- After indicator filling, take the centerline of the concrete specimen perpendicular to the crack as the direction of ground-penetrating radar detection, and overlap the front and rear laser marking lines of the ground-penetrating radar with the centerline when detecting.
- (4)
- Start the detection at 40 cm from the crack opening of the concrete member, put the hand-held radar close to the detection surface and keep a uniform speed, travel through the crack until the detection ends at 40 cm from the other end of the crack opening, and record and save the data. When detecting diagonal cracks, extend the detection length in the direction of crack inclination.
4.3. Test Results and Analysis
- (1)
- Vertical crack depth test results
- (2)
- Oblique crack depth detection results
5. Conclusions and Outlook
5.1. Conclusions
- (1)
- The homogeneous axis of the crack reflection signal is hyperbolic. The location of the crack can be inferred from the homogeneous axis, and it is difficult to distinguish the bottom of the crack. Meanwhile, the homogeneous axis of the crack reflection signal is consistent with its shape. After injecting the indicator into the crack, the reflection signal at the bottom of the crack is more obvious. The height of the indicator affects the detection accuracy of the tracer electromagnetic method. The detected crack depth is smaller than the actual crack depth.
- (2)
- Compared with an indicator-free crack, the bottom amplitude of an indicator-containing crack is significantly enhanced. The instantaneous phase can be acquired with higher resolution, and even very weak signals can be displayed, so the location of the bottom end of the crack can be distinguished more easily. When the bottom of a crack contains an indicator, the phase is reversed by 180, and the instantaneous frequency reflects the physical change in the concrete structure and is significantly lower when the bottom of the crack contains an indicator.
- (3)
- Both the forward simulation and the actual physical test show that the crack morphology distribution and the location of the crack bottom can be analyzed more conveniently using the complex signal analysis technique, which improves the precision and accuracy of the crack depth detection and interpretation.
5.2. Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Media | Media | ||
---|---|---|---|
Silty clay | 6 | Dry sand | 3~5 |
Concrete | 6~8 | Water | 80 |
Air | 1 | Metal | 300 |
Medium | Conductivity σ/(S/m) | |
---|---|---|
atmosphere | 1 | 0 |
concrete | 8 | 1 × 10−3 |
indicator | 270 | 1.6 × 104 |
Physical and Chemical Projects | Parameter |
---|---|
Appearance | Black transparent liquid |
Density (g/cm3) | ≥1.10 |
pH value | 11 ± 1 |
Viscosity (s) | 11.0 ± 1.0 |
Surface tension (mN/m) | ≤26.0 |
Dielectric constant | 270 |
Conductivity (s/m) | 1.25 × 104 |
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Wang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Jia, Y.; Tang, L.; Tao, J.; Tian, H. Forward Simulation and Complex Signal Analysis of Concrete Crack Depth Detection Using Tracer Electromagnetic Method. Buildings 2024, 14, 2644. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092644
Wang Y, Zhang S, Jia Y, Tang L, Tao J, Tian H. Forward Simulation and Complex Signal Analysis of Concrete Crack Depth Detection Using Tracer Electromagnetic Method. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2644. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092644
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yulei, Shengxing Zhang, Yu Jia, Lei Tang, Jin Tao, and Hui Tian. 2024. "Forward Simulation and Complex Signal Analysis of Concrete Crack Depth Detection Using Tracer Electromagnetic Method" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2644. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092644