Centrifugal Model Test of Multi-Level Slope under Combined Support of Pile-Anchor and Frame-Anchor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Centrifugal Model Design Fabrication
2.1. Overview of Prototype Slope
2.2. Test Equipment and Model Dimensions
- (1)
- Test equipment
- (2)
- Similarity relationship
- (3)
- Centrifugal model dimensions
2.3. Model Material Selection and Preparation
- (1)
- Model Soil Preparation
- (2)
- Support Structure Fabrication
2.4. Sensor Arrangement on the Support Structure
2.5. Model Making Process
2.6. Test Loading Process
3. Centrifugal Model Test Results
3.1. Structural Force Analysis of Pile-Anchor Support Section
- (1)
- Distribution of bending moments on piles
- (2)
- Distribution of soil pressure behind piles
- (3)
- The strain value on the tested anchor rods
3.2. Structural Force Analysis of the Frame-Anchor Support Section
- (1)
- Distribution of soil pressure on the frames
- (2)
- The strain value on the tested anchor rods
3.3. Slope Deformation Characteristics
4. Suggestions for the Design of Combined Support of a Pile-Anchor and Frame-Anchor for Multi-Level Soil Slopes
- (1)
- The potential deformation range of the frame-anchor support section is greatly influenced by the anchoring depth of the anchor rods. The design should strictly control the anchoring depth of the anchor rods, so that the potential sliding surface can move backwards, thereby increasing the sliding path;
- (2)
- In the pile-anchor support section, the improvement effect of anchor rods on the pile bending moment depends on whether the anchoring force can be effectively exerted. The support design should ensure that the anchor rods have sufficient length to anchor with deep soil, providing greater anchoring force and effectively improving the bearing capacity of the pile.
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The combined support structure of pile-anchors and frame-anchors had a good reinforcing effect on the multi-layer soil slope, but the deformation range of the slope was greatly influenced by the support structure, and the anchor rods were not in the absolutely stable soil layer.
- (2)
- In the pile-anchor support section, the anchoring force of the anchor rods was the highest, and the anchoring force effectively improved the bearing capacity of the pile. The bending moment followed an S-shaped distribution from top to bottom, with the maximum bending moment located at the foot of the slope. The soil pressure behind the pile was parabolic in distribution from top to bottom, and the resultant force point was between 1/3~1/2 of the height of the pile support section.
- (3)
- In the frame-anchor support section, the anchoring structure had a significant impact on the deformation range of the slope, and the anchor rods were not anchored in a stable soil layer. The strain values were distributed in an upward convex shape along the axial direction of the anchor rods. At different loading stages, the maximum axial strain was located at different monitoring points. The lateral frictional resistance at the end of the anchor rods occurred first and then gradually extended outward. The soil pressure on the frame gradually increased from top to bottom. The displacement trend of the slope was more obvious at the position where the soil pressure was higher, and the corresponding anchoring force of the anchor rods was also greater.
- (4)
- The deformation range of multi-level soil slopes was greatly influenced by the support structure. The design of the frame-anchor support section should strictly control the anchoring depth of the anchor rods, so as to make the potential sliding face move backward and increase the difficulty of sliding. The design of the pile-anchor support section should ensure that the anchor rods have sufficient length to provide greater anchoring force, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the pile.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stratum | Density (kg/m3) | Cohesion (kPa) | Internal Friction Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|
Loess | 1650 | 15 | 25 |
Sandstone | 2200 | 150 | 35 |
Physical Quantity | Prototype | Model | Physical Quantity | Prototype | Model |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
acceleration | 1 | angle | 1 | 1 | |
length | 1 | density | 1 | 1 | |
area | 1 | moisture content | 1 | 1 | |
volume | 1 | cohesion | 1 | 1 | |
displacement | 1 | internal friction angle | 1 | 1 | |
stress | 1 | 1 | particle size | 1 | 1 |
bending moment | 1 | inertia time | 1 |
Stratum | Density (kg/m3) | Cohesion (kPa) | Internal Friction Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|
Loess | 1750 | 15.5 | 24.6 |
Sandstone | 1835 | 161 | 35.2 |
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Yang, K.; Zhu, Y.; Guo, H.; Xie, Y.; Wang, Z. Centrifugal Model Test of Multi-Level Slope under Combined Support of Pile-Anchor and Frame-Anchor. Buildings 2024, 14, 2680. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092680
Yang K, Zhu Y, Guo H, Xie Y, Wang Z. Centrifugal Model Test of Multi-Level Slope under Combined Support of Pile-Anchor and Frame-Anchor. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2680. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092680
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Kuibin, Yanpeng Zhu, Hong Guo, Yongbin Xie, and Zhiqiang Wang. 2024. "Centrifugal Model Test of Multi-Level Slope under Combined Support of Pile-Anchor and Frame-Anchor" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2680. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092680