Improving Natural Ventilation Conditions on Semi-Outdoor and Indoor Levels in Warm–Humid Climates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Impact of form enhancement process on wind velocity in public zones such as: ground floor, common rooms, corridors, and roof space. The analysis is made using ANSYS-CFX for computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
- Possible reductions in cooling energy demand and the associated air quality in the of different room cooling and air conditioning methods including hybrid ventilation with an integrated radiant cooling system in a typical classroom space. The dynamic building simulation tool IDA-Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA-ICE 4.7) was used to model the problem of the generic classroom and investigate the feasibility of the different approaches.
2. Methods
2.1. General Framework
2.2. Numerical Simulations
2.2.1. Modeling of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
2.2.2. Governing Equations
2.2.3. Grid Independence Analysis
2.3. Dynamic Building simulations
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Development of Building Complexes to Enhance Airflow as well as Ground Floor Interaction with the Outdoor Environment
3.2. Providing Cross Ventilation in the Circulation Zones of Typical Floors
3.3. Enhancement of Roof Condition as well as Wind Catching Spaces
3.4. Impact of Window Ventilation on Reducing Cooling Loads in A Hybrid Cooling System
4. Conclusions
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
α | Surface roughness factor |
β | turbulence model constant |
δ | Grid element length (m) |
P | Pressure (Pa) |
v | Air velocity (m/s) |
Air density (kg/m3) | |
Turbulence kinetic energy per unit mass (J/kg) | |
Molecular viscosity (kg/m·s) | |
Eddy viscosity (kg/m·s) | |
turbulence model coefficient | |
Reynolds Stress model constant | |
turbulence model constant | |
Turbulence dissipation rate (m2/s3) | |
η | Ratio of turbulent to mean-strain time scale |
turbulence model constant | |
Stefan–Boltzmann constant (5.67 × 10−8 W/m2-K4) | |
turbulence model constant | |
turbulence model constant | |
Rate of strain tensor | |
Velocity magnitude (m/s) | |
Ur | Reference wind velocity at 10 m height (m/s) |
Fluctuating velocity component in turbulent flow (m/s) |
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Model (1) | A—Impermeable building masses. | Model (3) | E—Corridors on the upper floors are naturally ventilated via facade openings. |
B—Ground floor spaces are not ventilated. | F—Increased corridor ventilation via extra side openings located at the end of crossing sub-corridors. | ||
Model (2) | C—Ground floor spaces are ventilated. | Model (4) | G—Developing point (F) into common rooms that act as wind catchers. |
D—Only the cores of the three masses remain impermeable on the ground floor level. The walls of the rest of the spaces are removed. | H—The roof of the eastern mass is reduced by one floor. |
Building Component | Type (–) | Area (m2) | U-Value (W/(m2·K)) | Thickness (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Floor | Internal | 60.84 | 2.385 | 0.175 |
Ceiling | Internal | 60.84 | 2.385 | 0.175 |
Wall (E) | External | 16.38 | 0.224 | 0.146 |
Windows (E) | EN14501 | 16.38 | 0.493 | - |
Walls (N, S, W) | Internal | 30.42 | 0.618 | 0.146 |
Screen | M654 Dickson | 16.38 | - | - |
Item | Number (–) | Power (W) | Activity (MET) | Clothing (CLO) | Schedule (–) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Artificial lighting | 12 | 50 | - | - | 08–17 weekdays |
Occupant | 12 | - | 1 | 0.85 * | 08–17 weekdays |
Electric devices | 12 | 150 | - | - | 08–17 weekdays |
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Bayoumi, M. Improving Natural Ventilation Conditions on Semi-Outdoor and Indoor Levels in Warm–Humid Climates. Buildings 2018, 8, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8060075
Bayoumi M. Improving Natural Ventilation Conditions on Semi-Outdoor and Indoor Levels in Warm–Humid Climates. Buildings. 2018; 8(6):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8060075
Chicago/Turabian StyleBayoumi, Mohannad. 2018. "Improving Natural Ventilation Conditions on Semi-Outdoor and Indoor Levels in Warm–Humid Climates" Buildings 8, no. 6: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8060075