Bacteriome Diversity of Blackflies’ Gut and Association with Onchocerca volvulus, the Causative Agent of Onchocerciasis in Mbam Valley (Center Region, Cameroon)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Blackflies Infection by Onchocerca volvulus
2.2. Sequencing Data Analysis
2.3. Taxonomic Assignment
2.4. Bacterial Genera
2.4.1. Global Distribution
2.4.2. Blackfly Gut Core Bacteriome
2.5. Association between Blackflies’ Bacterial Diversity with Infection Status
2.6. Multivariate Association between Bacterial Diversity in Blackflies and O. volvulus Infection Status
2.7. Potential Biomarker According to Blackfly Infection Status
3. Discussion
4. Limitations
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
5.2. Study Area
5.3. Capture, Dissection and Preservation of Blackflies
5.4. DNA Extraction and O. volvulus PCR Amplification
5.5. High Throughput Sequencing and Meta-Barcoding Analysis
5.6. Statistical Analysis
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Geographic Origin | No. Dissected Flies | No. Parous Flies (Prop; 95% CI) | No. Parous Flies with O. volvulus (Prop; 95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Bayomen | 200 | 34 (17.0%; 12.1–23.0) | 3 (8.9%; 1.9–23.7) |
Biatsota | 558 | 100 (18.0%; 14.9–21.4) | 13 (13.0%; 7.1–21.2) |
Nyamongo | 512 | 73 (14.3%; 11.3–17.6) | 5 (6.9%; 2.3–15.3) |
Total | 1270 | 207 (16.3%; 14.3–18.4) | 21 (10.1%; 6.4–15.1) |
Bacterial Genera | p | AUC (Lower–Upper) | Odds Ratio Infected/Uninfected | Mean Infected | Mean Uninfected |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fructobacillus | 0.0009 | 0.79 (0.65–0.93) | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.18 |
Roseomonas | 0.01 | 0.73 (0.57–0.89) | 1.41 | 0.36 | 0.17 |
Acidomonas | 0.01 | 0.72 (0.56–0.87) | 7.12 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
Phaseolibacter | 0.014 | 0.72 (056–0.88) | 2.97 | 0.07 | 0.09 |
Sanguibacter | 0.016 | 0.71 (0.55–0.87) | 3.80 | 0.05 | 0.08 |
Jatrophihabitans | 0.017 | 0.68 (0.54–0.07) | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
Leuconostoc | 0.019 | 0.66 (0.54–0.79) | 0.26 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
HdN1 | 0.021 | 0.67 (0.54–0.81) | 0.26 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
Brevibacterium | 0.028 | 0.70 0.54–0.86) | 0.27 | 0.09 | 0.35 |
Tanticharoenia | 0.033 | 0.69 (0.53–0.85) | 2.24 | 0.08 | 0.10 |
Cnuella | 0.04 | 0.35 (0.22–0.49) | 6.25 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
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Efon Ekangouo, A.; Nana Djeunga, H.C.; Sempere, G.; Kamgno, J.; Njiokou, F.; Moundipa Fewou, P.; Geiger, A. Bacteriome Diversity of Blackflies’ Gut and Association with Onchocerca volvulus, the Causative Agent of Onchocerciasis in Mbam Valley (Center Region, Cameroon). Pathogens 2022, 11, 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010044
Efon Ekangouo A, Nana Djeunga HC, Sempere G, Kamgno J, Njiokou F, Moundipa Fewou P, Geiger A. Bacteriome Diversity of Blackflies’ Gut and Association with Onchocerca volvulus, the Causative Agent of Onchocerciasis in Mbam Valley (Center Region, Cameroon). Pathogens. 2022; 11(1):44. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010044
Chicago/Turabian StyleEfon Ekangouo, Arnauld, Hugues C. Nana Djeunga, Guilhem Sempere, Joseph Kamgno, Flobert Njiokou, Paul Moundipa Fewou, and Anne Geiger. 2022. "Bacteriome Diversity of Blackflies’ Gut and Association with Onchocerca volvulus, the Causative Agent of Onchocerciasis in Mbam Valley (Center Region, Cameroon)" Pathogens 11, no. 1: 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010044