Serological Assessment of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria: A Nationwide Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Lyme borreliosis Seroprevalence in the General Bulgarian Population
3.2. Geographic Distribution of Lyme borreliosis Prevalence
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tested Samples, n (%) | Positive Samples, n (%) | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | ||||
18–39 | 406 (20.5%) | 11 (2.7%) | 1.4–4.8 | |
40–65 | 868 (43.8%) | 39 (4.5%) | 3.2–6.1 | |
over 65 | 618 (31.2%) | 52 (8.4%) | 6.3–10.9 | |
Sex | ||||
male | 778 (41.1%) | 65 (8.4%) | 6.5–10.5 | |
female | 1114 (58.9%) | 37 (3.3%) | 2.3–4.6 | |
Residence | ||||
city | 1578 (83.4%) | 70 (4.4%) | 3.5–5.6 | |
village | 314 (16.6%) | 32 (10.2%) | 4.4–6.5 | |
Total population | 1892 (100%) | 102 (5.4%) | 4.4–6.5 |
Province | Tested Samples, n | Positive Samples, n | Seroprevalence, % | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 1892 | 102 | 5.4 | 4.4–6.5 |
Kardzhali | 65 | 0 | 0.0 | - |
Sliven | 60 | 0 | 0.0 | - |
Smolyan | 60 | 0 | 0.0 | - |
Haskovo | 100 | 0 | 0.0 | - |
Yambol | 60 | 0 | 0.0 | - |
Burgas | 95 | 1 | 1.1 | 0.0–5.7 |
Sofia province | 80 | 1 | 1.3 | 0.0–6.8 |
Plovdiv | 70 | 1 | 1.4 | 0.0–7.7 |
Blagoevgrad | 63 | 1 | 1.6 | 0.0–8.5 |
Sofia city | 60 | 1 | 1.7 | 0.0–8.9 |
Kyustendil | 50 | 1 | 2.0 | 0.1–10.7 |
Varna | 60 | 2 | 3.3 | 0.4–11.5 |
Stara Zagora | 60 | 2 | 3.3 | 0.4–11.5 |
Veliko Tarnovo | 64 | 3 | 4.7 | 1.0–13.1 |
Dobrich | 60 | 3 | 5.0 | 1.0–13.9 |
Ruse | 60 | 3 | 5.0 | 1.0–13.9 |
Pernik | 70 | 4 | 5.7 | 1.6–14.0 |
Shumen | 82 | 5 | 6.1 | 2.0–13.7 |
Lovech | 60 | 4 | 6.7 | 2.0–16.2 |
Montana | 60 | 4 | 6.7 | 1.9–16.2 |
Pleven | 60 | 4 | 6.7 | 1.9–16.2 |
Vratsa | 58 | 4 | 6.9 | 1.9–16.7 |
Vidin | 40 | 3 | 7.5 | 1.6–20.4 |
Razgrad | 60 | 5 | 8.3 | 2.8–18.4 |
Pazardzhik | 100 | 10 | 10.0 | 4.9–17.6 |
Silistra | 60 | 6 | 10.0 | 3.8–20.5 |
Gabrovo | 95 | 18 | 18.9 | 11.6–28.3 |
Targovishte | 80 | 16 | 20.0 | 11.9–30.4 |
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Ngoc, K.; Trifonova, I.; Gladnishka, T.; Taseva, E.; Panayotova, E.; Vladimirova, I.; Ivanova, V.; Kuteva, E.; Christova, I. Serological Assessment of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria: A Nationwide Study. Pathogens 2024, 13, 754. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090754
Ngoc K, Trifonova I, Gladnishka T, Taseva E, Panayotova E, Vladimirova I, Ivanova V, Kuteva E, Christova I. Serological Assessment of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria: A Nationwide Study. Pathogens. 2024; 13(9):754. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090754
Chicago/Turabian StyleNgoc, Kim, Iva Trifonova, Teodora Gladnishka, Evgenia Taseva, Elitsa Panayotova, Iva Vladimirova, Vladislava Ivanova, Eleonora Kuteva, and Iva Christova. 2024. "Serological Assessment of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria: A Nationwide Study" Pathogens 13, no. 9: 754. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090754