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Volume 14
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Communication

Risk of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Newborns from Mothers with Documented Infection: Experience from Two Referral Centres

by
Alice Bonetti
1,2,*,†,
Agnese Comelli
3,4,†,
Annacarla Chiesa
5,
Vania Spinoni
6,
Ambra Vola
1,
Federico Prefumo
7,
Adriana Valcamonico
8,
Carlo Bonfanti
9,
Silvio Caligaris
9,
Lina Rachele Tomasoni
4,
Fausto Baldanti
1,10 and
Valeria Meroni
11
1
Microbiology and Virology Unit, Diagnostic Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
PhD National Programme in One Health Approaches to Infectious Diseases and Life Science Research, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
3
Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
4
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
5
Department of Infectious Diseases, Manzoni Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy
6
Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Spedali Civili Hospital, Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
7
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
8
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
9
Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
10
Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
11
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Pathogens 2025, 14(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020157
Submission received: 23 November 2024 / Revised: 17 January 2025 / Accepted: 29 January 2025 / Published: 6 February 2025
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Abstract

During pregnancy, primary Toxoplasma gondii infection can cause congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). We described the newborns’ outcomes from a multicentre cohort of mothers with seroconversion (SC) at different gestational ages. This retrospective observational study (from 2007 to 2018) was conducted in two Italian referral hospitals: Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia and Spedali Civili in Brescia. In total, 247 pregnant women were enrolled: seroconversions were enrolled: seroconversions documented as having occurred in the two months preceding pregnancy in 12 cases (4.9%; 95% CI 2.2–7.5%), and during pregnancy in 235 cases (95.1%; 95% CI 92.5–97.8%). SC is defined as the appearance of specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgM/IgG) during pregnancy in a previously seronegative woman. A total of 56 (22.5%; 95% CI 17.3–27.7%) newborns were lost to follow-up; thus, the outcome of 193 (77.5%; 95% CI 72.3–82.7%) newborns was analyzed. The overall transmission rate of T. gondii infection was 23.8% (95% CI 17.8–29.8%), 0% (95% CI 0.0–11.9%) among the 1st trimester SCs, 12.5% (95% CI 5.6–19.4%) among the 2nd trimester SCs, 53.8% (95% CI 41.7–66.0%) among the 3rd trimester ones. No CT were found in the group of periconceptional infection. Among the infected newborns, clinically manifest cases were 12 (26.1%; 95% CI 13.4–38.8%), including 1 case (2.2%; 95% CI 2.0–6.4%) of stillbirth and 11 symptomatic neonates (23.9%; 95% CI 11.6–36.2%). A total of 83 amniocentesis were performed (33.6%; 95% CI 27.7–39.5%), no complication was recorded and no false positive or false negative results were registered. The results are in line with the fetal risks reported in literature for T. gondii infection during pregnancy, even if at a lower percentage probably due to a prompt treatment.
Keywords: toxoplasmosis in pregnancy; Toxoplasma gondii; amniocentesis; spiramycin; pyrimethamine; sulfadiazine toxoplasmosis in pregnancy; Toxoplasma gondii; amniocentesis; spiramycin; pyrimethamine; sulfadiazine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bonetti, A.; Comelli, A.; Chiesa, A.; Spinoni, V.; Vola, A.; Prefumo, F.; Valcamonico, A.; Bonfanti, C.; Caligaris, S.; Tomasoni, L.R.; et al. Risk of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Newborns from Mothers with Documented Infection: Experience from Two Referral Centres. Pathogens 2025, 14, 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020157

AMA Style

Bonetti A, Comelli A, Chiesa A, Spinoni V, Vola A, Prefumo F, Valcamonico A, Bonfanti C, Caligaris S, Tomasoni LR, et al. Risk of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Newborns from Mothers with Documented Infection: Experience from Two Referral Centres. Pathogens. 2025; 14(2):157. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020157

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bonetti, Alice, Agnese Comelli, Annacarla Chiesa, Vania Spinoni, Ambra Vola, Federico Prefumo, Adriana Valcamonico, Carlo Bonfanti, Silvio Caligaris, Lina Rachele Tomasoni, and et al. 2025. "Risk of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Newborns from Mothers with Documented Infection: Experience from Two Referral Centres" Pathogens 14, no. 2: 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020157

APA Style

Bonetti, A., Comelli, A., Chiesa, A., Spinoni, V., Vola, A., Prefumo, F., Valcamonico, A., Bonfanti, C., Caligaris, S., Tomasoni, L. R., Baldanti, F., & Meroni, V. (2025). Risk of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Newborns from Mothers with Documented Infection: Experience from Two Referral Centres. Pathogens, 14(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020157

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