Pathogens, Volume 14, Issue 8

Objective: This study aims to investigate the pharmacodynamic effects and underlying mechanisms of the Chinese herbal formula RuHaoDaShi (RHDS) granules against the influenza virus in experimental models. Methods: This study aims to employ network ph...

The Oropouche virus (OROV) has been circulating in the Amazon region since the 1960s, with a progressive increase in outbreaks and human cases reported in Brazil and neighboring countries. In the Rio de Janeiro state, there has been a significant ris...

Background: Hansen’s disease or leprosy is one of the 21 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In Ecuador, leprosy is considered eliminated as a public health problem; however, new cases are reported annually. Additionally, Mycobacterium leprae i...

The DNA synthesis inhibitor zoliflodacin (ZFD) is expected to be effective against strains resistant to therapeutic agents for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. In addition to ZFD, we investigated the susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae strains to ceftri...

Background: Viral–bacterial co-infections can amplify disease severity through complex biological mechanisms. Mathematical models are critical tools for understanding these threats, but it is unclear how well they capture the underlying biology...

Background: Fusobacterium species are anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli that are part of the normal oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal flora. Although rare, they can cause infective endocarditis (IE), a severe condition with high morbidity. The clinica...

Chronic hepatitis delta (CHD) represents the most severe form of viral hepatitis due to rapid disease progression towards liver cancer, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) can only infect individuals who are infected...

Urine-based immunoassay is a non-invasive method with demonstrated utility in detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated patients with COVID-19. To evaluate urine’s potential for serological surveys in a real-world setting, SARS-CoV-2...

Propolis, also known as bee glue, is a natural resinous mixture produced by Western honeybees and has long been recognized for its potential therapeutic properties. Recent research has focused on its diverse bioactivities, particularly its antimicrob...

Wild birds are exposed to multiple infections by pathogenic microorganisms [...]

Acute human alpha-herpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) infection culminates in a latent infection of neurons in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and the central nervous system. Following infection of mucosal epithelial cells, certain neurons survive infection and life-long...

In recent years, migratory movements have increased. This study aimed to compare tuberculosis cases in migrant and autochthonous patients. We conducted a retrospective analytical cohort study of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in the Elda Health...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is implicated in cardiovascular disease in healthy adults and after transplantation, but analyses in people living with HIV (PLWH) are difficult as almost all have CMV co-infections. Here, we address whether coronary artery dise...

Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the EU, primarily linked to poultry. To better understand its transmission dynamics, we applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to Campylobacter isolates collected at slaughterhou...

Natural products possess a wide range of biological and biochemical potentials, with plant-derived compounds being significant sources for discovering new drugs. In this study, extracts of Vitex negundo and Macaranga tanarius prepared with different...

The shortage of organs for use in transplantation has contributed to the development of an international commercial market for organ transplantation. Unfortunately, transplant tourism (TT) is associated with risks for surgical complications, poor gra...

HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) continues to pose a significant public health challenge, especially in regions with limited resources, although the worldwide distribution of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically lowered the risk of ver...

Talaromycosis caused by Talaromyces marneffei is a life-threatening mycosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The gold-standard diagnostic method relies on time-consuming cultures, which delay treatment and increase mortalit...

Systemic or localized infections increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). All types of infection can elevate the risk of VTE thrombosis, although some appear to increase risk more than others. In the current narrative review, we seek to ove...

Persistent RNA virus infections (PI) are often characterized by extended viral shedding and maintained cycles of inflammation. The innate immune Complement (C′) pathways can recognize acute infected (AI) cells and result in their lysis, but the...

Several diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens, including Lyme borreliosis (LB) and spotted fever group rickettsioses, are endemic in the Balkan Peninsula, positioned between Central Europe and the Middle East. This cross-sectional study aimed to as...

The varicella attenuated virus vaccine, developed in Japan in the 1970s, has dramatically reduced the number of pediatric chickenpox cases over the past 30 years due to its widespread use. However, a small number of cases of chickenpox, shingles, ase...

A new human pathogen triggering a pandemic can impact health directly through disease resulting from infection and indirectly through health system disruption. The COVID-19 pandemic is hypothesised to have impacted pathology testing by impacting heal...

Background: The Karius Test (KT), a microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing assay, is increasingly utilized in challenging infectious syndromes. However, its real-world clinical utility and cost-effectiveness remain uncertain. Methods: We...

Co-infection of Orientia tsutsugamushi and influenza A virus complicates diagnosis and treatment in endemic regions because of overlapping clinical features and potential synergistic inflammation. We describe a 68-year-old woman from Hainan, China, w...

Brazilian porcupinepox virus (BPoPV) is a recently described pathogen associated with severe cutaneous and systemic disease in Coendou spp. porcupines, posing potential conservation and zoonotic risks. Given the solitary behavior of porcupines and th...

The diagnosis of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) has to involve laboratory detection, as the clinical signs are not pathognomonic. Nasal swabs (NSs) have been the preferred sample material for swIAV PCR diagnostics, but oral fluid (OF) is a convenien...

Candidemia is a highly prevalent invasive fungal infection caused primarily by C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata (currently Nakaseomyces glabratus), C. tropicalis, and C. krusei (currently Pichia kudriavzevii). Risk factors for the developmen...

Microbiome studies report a decrease in diversity associated with active infections. Under the endozoan hypothesis, Coccidioides can inhabit a host without causing disease. In this study, we describe and compare the lung mycobiome of Coccidioides-pos...

Aim: The aim of the current investigation was to detect serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in a cohort of Western Australians diagnosed with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 64 subjects were selected. Intra-oral sample...

African swine fever virus (ASFV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are important transboundary animal diseases (TADs) affecting swine. ASFV is a large DNA virus with a genome size of 170–190+ kilobases (kB) belonging to the family Asfarvir...

Pythium schmitthenneri, a soilborne pathogen responsible for root rot in olive trees, poses a significant threat to olive production. Managing this pathogen remains challenging due to its aggressive root colonization and the limited efficacy of conve...

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the most common co-infection among people living with HIV (PLWH), aggravates the associated morbidity and mortality in these individuals; however, the immune-modulatory role of Mtb in the pathogenesis o...

The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is an economically important pest of citrus as it is a vector of the bacterium (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, CLas) that causes huanglongbing disease (HLB). Understanding the virome of D. citri is impo...

The metastrongyloid nematodes Angiostrongylus vasorum, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, and Crenosoma vulpis can cause severe cardiopulmonary and respiratory symptoms in domestic dogs and cats and free-ranging canids and felids (e.g., foxes, wolves, wild...

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), predominantly caused by Candida albicans, represents a global health issue, particularly in developing regions. This study explores the antifungal potential of aqueous leaf extract of Schinus weinmanniifolia...

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) re-emerged across Europe in 2024, raising concerns about vertical transmission and neonatal morbidity. We undertook a prospective, single-centre cohort study to characterise the early clinical course of congenitally infected neo...

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has triggered multiple pandemics throughout human history, yet its long-term evolutionary patterns and reservoir dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we present a global phylogenomic analysis of anc...

Background and Aim: The immunological interactions between soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), particularly in the context of co-infection, are poorly understood. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers a powerf...

Childbearing-aged and pregnant women represent a risk group for Toxoplasma gondii infection due to possible transplacental transmission resulting in congenital toxoplasmosis. We analyzed the seroepidemiological trends of toxoplasmosis in Croatia over...

Two key players in the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), interact in a crucial way to fight infectious diseases. DCs play a key role in recognizing pathogens, and ILCs respond to cytokines released by DCs. This re...

The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 2.3.4.4b clade virus has caused widespread outbreaks across South America, primarily affecting seabirds, poultry, and marine mammals. The virus likely reached the continent through migratory birds from North...

Mosquito blood meals provide a biological sample of host blood which can then be used in downstream applications including host–pathogen detection. We conducted DNA barcoding to identify the host species of blood meals from 4557 blood engorged...

Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever, is a globally distributed zoonotic pathogen affecting both animals and humans. Despite its known endemicity in various Mediterranean regions, data on human seroprevalence in Sardinia are still lack...

In this study, astaxanthin, which has previously been shown to have antiviral effects, was examined for its dose-dependent potency to inhibit cellular SARS-CoV-2 infections. Naturally occurring astaxanthin is obtained and orally administered as ASX-o...

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the potential of Anisakis sp. as a novel source of α-Gal (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) epitopes capable of inducing allergic sensitization in humans. While α-Gal is classically associat...

The cross-species spillover of coronaviruses is considered a serious public health risk. Feline coronavirus (FCoV), canine coronavirus (CCoV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are all classified under Alphacoronavirus suis and infect co...

The core perturbome is defined as a central response to multiple disturbances, functioning as a complex molecular network to overcome the disruption of homeostasis under stress conditions, thereby promoting tolerance and survival under stress conditi...

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a cervid species native to the Americas with ecological, social, and economic significance. Managers must consider several factors when working to maintain the health and sustainability of these wild her...

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral disease endemic to parts of Africa, Asia and southeastern Europe. Bulgaria is one of the few European countries with the consistent annual reporting of human CCHF cases. This study prov...