Pseudomonas bijieensis Strain XL17 within the P. corrugata Subgroup Producing 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol and Lipopeptides Controls Bacterial Canker and Gray Mold Pathogens of Kiwifruit
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microbial Strains
2.2. Assays of Antimicrobial Activities for Strain XL17
2.3. Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy on the Structure of Psa and B. cinerea
2.4. Leaf Assay of Control Efficacy on Psa
2.5. Fruit Assay of Control Efficacy on B. cinerea
2.6. Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequences
2.7. Genome Sequencing and Assembly
2.8. Genome Relatedness Analysis
2.9. Genomic Analyses
2.10. Phylogenomic Analysis of the Pseudomonas Corrugata Subgroup
2.11. Determination of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) Produced from XL17
2.12. Detection of Lipopeptides Produced from XL17 Cells
2.13. Detection of Fluorescent Pyoverdine Siderophore
2.14. Detection of Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities
2.15. Assay of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Production
2.16. Detection of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase Activity
2.17. Assays of Toxic or Beneficial Potentials of Strain XL17 on Plants
2.18. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Strain XL17 Showed High Antimicrobial Activities against B. cinerea and Psa
3.2. XL17 CF Damaged Psa Cells and B. cinerea Hyphae
3.3. Strain XL17 and XL17 CF Reduced Leaf Necrosis Caused by Psa and Gray Mold Lesions in Kiwifruits
3.4. Strain XL17 Belongs to Pseudomonas bijieensis within the Pseudomonas corrugata Subgroup
3.5. Phylogeny and Genetic Markers Associated with Plant-Interaction Life Styles in the Pseudomonas corrugata Subgroup
3.6. Genes Associated with Plant-Interaction Life Style in Pseudomonas bijieensis and Strain 2P24
3.7. Strain XL17 Produced DAPG and Cyclic Lipopeptides of the Viscosin Family and Orfamide Family
3.8. Strain XL17 Produced Pyoverdine, β-1, 3-Glucanase, and Protease
3.9. Strain XL17 Produced IAA and ACC Deaminase
3.10. Strain XL17 and XL17 CF Were Not Toxic to Rice Seeds and Seedlings
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Germination (%) | Root Length (mm) | Shoot Height (mm) | Dry Weight (mg) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 100 ± 0.0 a* | 45.6 ± 0.0 ab | 48.2 ± 0.0 b | 6.8 ± 0.1 b |
XL17 | 100 ± 0.0 a | 45.9 ± 0.0 a | 50.8 ± 0.0 a | 7.4 ± 0.1 a |
Streptomycin | 98.3 ± 1.7 a | 38.9 ± 0.0 d | 42.0 ± 0.1 c | 3.9 ± 0.1 d |
Difenoconazole | 98.3 ± 1.7 a | 42.1 ± 0.1 c | 49.5 ± 0.0 ab | 6.3 ± 0.2 c |
10% CF | 100 ± 0.0 a | 44.5 ± 0.0 ab | 49.9 ± 0.1 a | 7.2 ± 0.1 a |
15% CF | 100 ± 0.0 a | 44.3 ± 0.0 b | 50.1 ± 0.1 a | 7.3 ± 0.2 a |
20% CF | 100 ± 0.0 a | 44.4 ± 0.1 b | 50.5 ± 0.0 a | 7.2 ± 0.0 a |
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Ali, M.A.; Luo, J.; Ahmed, T.; Zhang, J.; Xie, T.; Dai, D.; Jiang, J.; Zhu, J.; Hassan, S.; Alorabi, J.A.; et al. Pseudomonas bijieensis Strain XL17 within the P. corrugata Subgroup Producing 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol and Lipopeptides Controls Bacterial Canker and Gray Mold Pathogens of Kiwifruit. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020425
Ali MA, Luo J, Ahmed T, Zhang J, Xie T, Dai D, Jiang J, Zhu J, Hassan S, Alorabi JA, et al. Pseudomonas bijieensis Strain XL17 within the P. corrugata Subgroup Producing 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol and Lipopeptides Controls Bacterial Canker and Gray Mold Pathogens of Kiwifruit. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(2):425. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020425
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli, Md. Arshad, Jinyan Luo, Temoor Ahmed, Jiannan Zhang, Ting Xie, Dejiang Dai, Jingyong Jiang, Jie Zhu, Sabry Hassan, Jamal A. Alorabi, and et al. 2022. "Pseudomonas bijieensis Strain XL17 within the P. corrugata Subgroup Producing 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol and Lipopeptides Controls Bacterial Canker and Gray Mold Pathogens of Kiwifruit" Microorganisms 10, no. 2: 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020425