Establishment of Epidemiological Resistance Cut-Off Values of Aquatic Aeromonas to Eight Antimicrobial Agents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Isolation and Identification of Bacteria
2.2. Determination of MICs
2.3. Determination of Tentative Epidemiological Cut-Off Values (COWT)
2.4. Calculation of MIC50, MIC90, and Resistance Rate (NWT%)
3. Results
3.1. Aeromonas Diversity
3.2. MIC Measurement Results
3.3. Establishment of Tentative Epidemiological Cut-Off Values (COWT)
3.4. Comparative Analysis of the Resistance Rate of Aeromonas spp. in Different Regions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Location | Sampling Time | Water Type | Specimen Type | Host Species | No. of Samples | No. of Isolates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wuhan, Hubei | 2021 | Fish Pond | Diseased fish | Ctenopharyngodon idella | 3 | 6 |
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco | 2 | 3 | ||||
Healthy fish | Ctenopharyngodon idella | 3 | 6 | |||
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco | 6 | 15 | ||||
Jingzhou, Hubei | 2020–2021 | Fish Pond | Pond water | / | 14 | 26 |
Pond sediment | / | 5 | 29 | |||
Diseased fish | Pelteobagrus fulvidraco | 118 | 267 | |||
Ctenopharyngodon idella | 3 | 17 | ||||
Culter alburnus | 2 | 19 | ||||
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | 1 | 9 | ||||
Healthy fish | Pelteobagrus fulvidraco | 1 | 2 | |||
Weifang, Shandong | 2021 | Reservoir | Diseased fish and healthy fish | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | 11 | 16 |
Bijie, Guizhou | 2021 | River | Healthy fish | Hemicculter Leuciclus (Basilewaky) | 33 | 141 |
MIC (μg/mL) | 0.016 | 0.031 | 0.062 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 | >32 | >64 | >128 | >256 | HR (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMP/SMZ | 212 | 178 | 73 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 71 | 283 (50.9) | ||||||||||
Erythromycin | 1 | 7 | 89 | 199 | 150 | 51 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 14 | 16 | 30 (5.4) | ||||||||
Doxycycline | 48 | 76 | 216 | 61 | 41 | 62 | 35 | 14 | 3 | 0 (0.0) | ||||||||||
Neomycin | 9 | 118 | 233 | 138 | 41 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 (0.4) | |||||||||
Colistin | 4 | 43 | 250 | 123 | 62 | 44 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 (0.5) | |||||||
Florfenicol | 11 | 200 | 171 | 48 | 17 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 34 | 16 | 16 | 9 | 13 | 24 (4.3) | ||||||
Enrofloxacin | 21 | 178 | 15 | 43 | 89 | 89 | 46 | 15 | 4 | 24 | 16 | 12 | 4 | 99 (17.8) | ||||||
Ceftazidime | 64 | 264 | 145 | 60 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 59 (10.6) |
Antimicrobial Agent | MIC50 | MIC90 | COWT k | COWT T | NWT (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole | 0.125 | >64 | 0.25 [0.25] | 0.25 [0.25] | 93 (16.7) |
Erythromycin | 8 | 64 | 64 [32] | 32 [32] | 45/59 (8.1/10.6) |
Doxycycline | 0.5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 52/114 (9.4/20.5) |
Neomycin | 2 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 17 (3.1) |
Colistin | 1 | 8 | 4 [6.4] | 4 [6.4] | 74 (13.3) |
Florfenicol | 0.5 | 32 | 1 [4] | 1 [2] | 126 (22.7) |
Enrofloxacin | 0.25 | 8 | 0.062 [0.125] | 0.125 [0.125] | 342/299 (61.5/53.8) |
Ceftazidime | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.5 [0.5] | 0.5 [0.5] | 23 (4.1) |
Antimicrobial Agent | Aeromonas spp. (n = 556) | A. veronii (n = 328) | A. sobria (n = 75) | A. hydrophila (n = 52) | A. allosaccharophila (n = 36) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COWT K/T | COWT K/T | MIC50 | MIC90 | COWT K/T | MIC50 | MIC90 | COWT K/T | MIC50 | MIC90 | COWT K/T | MIC50 | MIC90 | |
TMP/SMZ | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.125 | >64 | 0.25 [0.5/0.25] | 0.062 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >64 | 1 | 0.25 | >64 |
Erythromycin | 64/32 | 32 | 8 | 128 | 16/32 [32/16] | 8 | 16 | 128/64 (64) | 16 | 32 | 32 | 8 | 256 |
Doxycycline | 4/2 | 2 | 0.5 | 4 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 2/8 | 2 | 4 |
Neomycin | 8 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4/8 | 2 | 4 |
Colistin | 4 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 4 [6.4] | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 32 | 8/4 | 1 | 2 |
Florfenicol | 1 | 1 | 0.25 | 32 | 2 [1] | 0.5 | 1 | 1/2 (2) | 0.5 | 256 | 1/2 | 0.5 | 16 |
Enrofloxacin | 0.062/0.125 | 0.062/0.125 | 0.25 | 8 | 0.062/1 [0.031/0.016] | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.062/0.125 (0.031) | 0.25 | 2 | 8*/2 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
Ceftazidime | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.5 [0.5/0.25] | 0.125 | 0.25 | 4*/2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 1 |
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Lin, Y.; Yang, J.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, S.; Hao, J.; Ouyang, L.; Li, A. Establishment of Epidemiological Resistance Cut-Off Values of Aquatic Aeromonas to Eight Antimicrobial Agents. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040776
Lin Y, Yang J, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Wang S, Hao J, Ouyang L, Li A. Establishment of Epidemiological Resistance Cut-Off Values of Aquatic Aeromonas to Eight Antimicrobial Agents. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(4):776. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040776
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Yaoyao, Jicheng Yang, Zhenbing Wu, Qianqian Zhang, Shuyi Wang, Jingwen Hao, Lijian Ouyang, and Aihua Li. 2022. "Establishment of Epidemiological Resistance Cut-Off Values of Aquatic Aeromonas to Eight Antimicrobial Agents" Microorganisms 10, no. 4: 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040776