Fecal Microbiota and Diet Composition of Buryatian Horses Grazing Warm- and Cold-Season Grass Pastures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Ethical Considerations
2.3. Microhistological Fecal Analysis
2.4. DNA Extraction, Amplicon Library Construction, Sequencing, and Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Microhistology
3.2. Analysis of the Fecal Microbiota (Microbial Communities) Using 16S rRNA Profiling
Seasonal-Specific Differences in Diversity of the Fecal Microbial Community
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Summer | Winter | ||
---|---|---|---|
Species | Mean% | Species | Mean% |
Total graminoids: | 41.9 ± 11.7 | Total graminoids: | 7 ± 5.3 |
Poa botryoides | 14.3 | Poa botryoides | 2.9 |
Agropyron cristatum | 11.1 | Carex pediformis | 2.4 |
Carex pediformis | 8.9 | Agropyron cristatum | 1.2 |
Stipa capillata L. | 3.0 | Koeleria cristata | 0.3 |
Achnatherum splendens | 1.7 | Achnatherum splendens | 0.2 |
Koeleria cristata | 1.4 | ||
Carex sp. | 1.1 | ||
Carex duriuscula C. A. Meyer 1831 | 0.8 | ||
Total forbs: | 57.7 ± 11.8 | Total forbs: | 92.6 ± 5.9 |
Lappula myosotis | 8.9 | Schizonepeta multifida | 51.43 |
Silene repens | 8.5 | Aster alpinus | 9.4 |
Aster alpinus | 7.8 | Artemisia sieversiana | 8.7 |
Unknown grass 6 | 4.3 | Heteropappus altaicus | 6.8 |
Potentilla acaulis | 3.9 | Potentilla acaulis | 6.1 |
Allium altaicum | 2.6 | Heteropappus biennis | 2.5 |
Thalictrum etaloideum L. | 2.5 | Lappula myosotis | 2.4 |
Unknown grass 2 | 2.3 | Cymbaria dahurica | 1.4 |
Heteropappus biennis | 2.3 | ||
Serratula centauroides L. s. str. | 1.7 | ||
Achnatherum splendens | 1.7 | ||
Pulsatilla turczaninovii | 1.5 | ||
Artemisia dracunculus L. | 1.3 | ||
Saussurea salicifolia L. | 1.1 | ||
Phlomis tuberosa L. | 1.0 | ||
Nonea rossica | 1.0 | ||
Potentilla longifolia | 0.8 | ||
Schizonepeta multifida | 0.8 | ||
Artemisia frigida Wil | 0.7 | ||
Axyris amaranthoides L. | 0.6 | ||
Leontopodium leontopodoides | 0.4 | ||
Unknown grass 9 | 0.4 | ||
Hypecoum (Chiazospermum) erectum | 0.3 | ||
Unknown grass 4 | 0.3 | ||
Unknown grass 5 | 0.3 | ||
Astragalus adsurgens Pallas | 0.3 | ||
Artemisia gmelinii Webb ex Stechm. | 0.3 | ||
Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. et Berth. | 0.2 | ||
Potentilla bifurca | 0.2 | ||
Allium anisopodium Ledeb | 0.2 | ||
Pulsatilla multifida | 0.2 | ||
Cymbaria dahurica | 0.2 | ||
Heteropappus altaicus | 0.1 | ||
Artemisia sieversiana | 0.1 | ||
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Hiroe | 0.1 | ||
Thalictrum squarrosum Stephan ex Willd. | 0.1 | ||
Galium verum L. | 0.1 | ||
Leonurus sp. | 0.1 | ||
Total shrubs: | 0.4 ± 1.3 | Total shrubs: | 0.43 ± 1.3 |
Kochia prostrata Sschraber | 0.4 | Kochia prostrata Sschraber | 0.43 |
Spiraea sp. | 0.1 |
Season | ASVs/OTUs | Chao1 | Shannon Index | Simpson Index |
---|---|---|---|---|
Warm season | 887 | 1263.7 ± 203 | 5.74 ± 0.41 | 0.986 ± 0.024 |
Cold season | 114 | 480.8 ± 35.7 | 5.51 ± 0.11 | 0.991 ± 0.003 |
p-value * | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.449 |
Phylum | Class | Family | Cold Season Mean Relative Abundance, % | Warm Season Mean Relative Abundance, % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Firmicutes | 62.95 | 50.74 | ||
Clostridia | 40.64 | 42.60 | ||
Lachnospiraceae | 11.4 | 13.1 | ||
Oscillospiraceae | 7.7 | 9.6 | ||
Ruminococcaceae | 9.4 | 3.2 | ||
Christensenellaceae | 1.5 | 2.3 | ||
Order_Clostridia UCG-014 | 3.5 | |||
Peptostreptococcaceae | 1.8 | |||
UCG-010 | 3.9 | |||
Alkalibacteraceae | 2.1 | |||
Anaerovoracaceae | 1.8 | |||
Hungateiclostridiaceae | 1.2 | |||
Bacilli | 20.15 | 5.87 | ||
Erysipelatoclostridiaceae | 3.2 | 1.2 | ||
Lactobacillaceae | 11.5 | 1.9 | ||
Planococcaceae | 1.1 | |||
Negativicutes | 1.12 | 2.20 | ||
Acidaminococcaceae | 1.9 | |||
Bacteroidota | 25.33 | 27.90 | ||
Bacteroidia | 26.20 | 27.90 | ||
Prevotellaceae | 10.9 | 6.7 | ||
Rikenellaceae | 4.5 | 9.1 | ||
Muribaculaceae | 6.4 | |||
Bacteroidaceae | 1.6 | |||
p-251-o5 | 4.4 | |||
F082 | 3.5 | |||
Bacteroidales_UCG-001 | 1.8 | |||
Bacteroidales_RF16_group | 1.3 | |||
Actinobacteriota | 2.61 | 1.45 | ||
Coriobacteriia | 2.18 | 1.15 | ||
Eggerthellaceae | 1.1 | |||
Campylobacterota | 2.50 | |||
Campylobacteria | 2.55 | |||
Helicobacteraceae | 2.3 | |||
Cyanobacteria | 2.86 | |||
Vampirivibrionia | 2.86 | |||
Gastranaerophilales | 2.9 | |||
Desulfobacterota | 2.23 | |||
Desulfovibrionia | 2.25 | |||
Desulfovibrionaceae | 2.2 | |||
Fibrobacterota | 1.34 | |||
Fibrobacteria | 1.34 | |||
Fibrobacteraceae | 1.3 | |||
Halobacterota | 1.56 | |||
Methanomicrobia | 1.49 | |||
Methanocorpusculaceae | 1.5 | |||
Proteobacteria | 1.26 | 2.88 | ||
Alphaproteobacteria | 1.98 | |||
Caulobacteraceae | 1.1 | |||
Spirochaetota | 2.23 | 2.20 | ||
Spirochaetia | 2.16 | 2.12 | ||
Spirochaetaceae | 2.2 | 2.1 | ||
Verrucomicrobiota | 7.00 | |||
Kiritimatiellae | 6.49 | |||
WCHB1-41 | 6.5 |
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Zaitseva, S.; Dagurova, O.; Radnagurueva, A.; Kozlova, A.; Izotova, A.; Krylova, A.; Noskov, S.; Begmatov, S.; Patutina, E.; Barkhutova, D.D. Fecal Microbiota and Diet Composition of Buryatian Horses Grazing Warm- and Cold-Season Grass Pastures. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1947. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081947
Zaitseva S, Dagurova O, Radnagurueva A, Kozlova A, Izotova A, Krylova A, Noskov S, Begmatov S, Patutina E, Barkhutova DD. Fecal Microbiota and Diet Composition of Buryatian Horses Grazing Warm- and Cold-Season Grass Pastures. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(8):1947. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081947
Chicago/Turabian StyleZaitseva, Svetlana, Olga Dagurova, Aryuna Radnagurueva, Aleksandra Kozlova, Anna Izotova, Anastasia Krylova, Sergey Noskov, Shahjahon Begmatov, Ekaterina Patutina, and Darima D. Barkhutova. 2023. "Fecal Microbiota and Diet Composition of Buryatian Horses Grazing Warm- and Cold-Season Grass Pastures" Microorganisms 11, no. 8: 1947. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081947