The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in Head and Neck Cancers: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Detection Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Head and Neck Cancers
2.1. HPV’s Association with Oropharyngeal Cancers: Mechanisms Underlying HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis in the Oropharynx
2.2. HPV Infection and Its Implications in Laryngeal Cancer
2.3. The Role of HPV Vaccination in Prevention Strategies for HPV-Associated HNCs
3. Beyond HPV: Emerging Oncogenic Viruses in HNCs
3.1. Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV): Its Role in Nasopharyngeal and Other Head and Neck Cancers
3.2. Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8): The Second Most Prevalent Oncogenic Herpesvirus
4. Other Potentially Oncogenic Herpesviruses Influencing Head and Neck Cancers
5. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPV) and Its Role in Head and Neck Cancers
6. Human Bocavirus (HBoV) and Head and Neck Cancers: Exploring Its Role in Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinomas
7. Epidemiology and Clinical Impact of Hepatitis Viruses in Head and Neck Cancers
8. The Intricacies of Co-Infections: Their Clinical Significance in Head and Neck Cancers
9. Innovations in Viral Detection and Screening for Head and Neck Cancers
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Virus | Genome Type | Associated Cancers in Head and Neck Region |
---|---|---|
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | DNA | Oropharyngeal, laryngeal, oral cavity |
Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) | DNA | Nasopharyngeal, Burkitt & Hodgkin lymphomas |
Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) | DNA | Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease, laryngeal |
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPV) | DNA | Merkel cell carcinoma, head & neck squamous cell, oral squamous cell carcinomas |
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) | DNA | Head & neck squamous cell carcinoma |
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) | RNA | Head & neck squamous cell carcinoma, oral cavity |
Human Herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) | DNA | Correlation with lip, oral cavity & pharynx |
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | DNA | Pro-oncogenic link with nasopharyngeal, protective effect with tumors of the lip/oral region & salivary glands |
Human Herpesviruses 2, 3, 6, 7 (HHV-2, HHV-3, HHV-6, HHV-7) | DNA | Potential tumorigenic properties—not fully elucidated |
Human Bocavirus (HBoV) | DNA | Potential involvement in tonsil squamous cell carcinoma |
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Samara, P.; Athanasopoulos, M.; Mastronikolis, S.; Kyrodimos, E.; Athanasopoulos, I.; Mastronikolis, N.S. The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in Head and Neck Cancers: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Detection Methods. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071482
Samara P, Athanasopoulos M, Mastronikolis S, Kyrodimos E, Athanasopoulos I, Mastronikolis NS. The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in Head and Neck Cancers: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Detection Methods. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(7):1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071482
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamara, Pinelopi, Michail Athanasopoulos, Stylianos Mastronikolis, Efthymios Kyrodimos, Ioannis Athanasopoulos, and Nicholas S. Mastronikolis. 2024. "The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in Head and Neck Cancers: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Detection Methods" Microorganisms 12, no. 7: 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071482