Lippia origanoides and Thymus vulgaris Essential Oils Synergize with Ampicillin against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Essential Oil Extraction (EO)
2.2. Gas Chromatography (GC) Analysis
2.3. Bacterial Strains
2.4. Antibacterial Activity by the Disk Diffusion Method
2.5. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Essential Oils
2.6. Interaction Assay
2.7. Loewe Additivity Model
2.8. Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes β-Lactamics
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Carvacrol and Thymol Are the Major Components in LEO and TEO, Respectively
3.2. Bla Genes Are, in the Tested Clinical Isolates, Resistant to β-Lactam Antibiotics
3.3. Inhibitory Activity of TEO and LEO on ESBL Strains
3.4. ESBL-Producing E. coli Could Be Susceptible to T. vulgaris L. and L. origanoides EOs in Drug Interaction and In Vitro Susceptibility Tests
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Compound | LEO 1 (mg/L) | TEO 1 (mg/L) | LEO (%) | TEO (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thymol | 62.9 ± 0.2 | 828.4 ± 0.4 | 0.005 | 39.9 |
Carvacrol | 612.2 ± 0.2 | 112.4 ± 0.6 | 70.4 | 4.6 |
p-cymene | -- | -- | 24.6 | 12.2 |
Gene | LEO | TEO | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MIC µg/mL | MBC µg/mL | MIC µg/mL | MBC µg/mL | |
blaTEM | 632 | 1265 | 940 | 1275 |
blaTEM + blaCTX-M | 892 | 1784 | 923 | 2215 |
blaCTX-M | 713 | 1427 | 738 | 1477 |
Unidentified | 815 | 1733 | 844 | 1582 |
ATCC 25922 | 357 | 713 | 369 | 738 |
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Bastida-Ramírez, L.J.; Buendía-González, L.; Mejía-Argueta, E.L.; Sandoval-Cabrera, A.; García-Fabila, M.M.; Pavón-Romero, S.H.; Padua-Ahumada, M.; Santillán-Benítez, J.G. Lippia origanoides and Thymus vulgaris Essential Oils Synergize with Ampicillin against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1702. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081702
Bastida-Ramírez LJ, Buendía-González L, Mejía-Argueta EL, Sandoval-Cabrera A, García-Fabila MM, Pavón-Romero SH, Padua-Ahumada M, Santillán-Benítez JG. Lippia origanoides and Thymus vulgaris Essential Oils Synergize with Ampicillin against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(8):1702. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081702
Chicago/Turabian StyleBastida-Ramírez, Levi Jafet, Leticia Buendía-González, Euridice Ladisu Mejía-Argueta, Antonio Sandoval-Cabrera, María Magdalena García-Fabila, Sergio Humberto Pavón-Romero, Monica Padua-Ahumada, and Jonnathan Guadalupe Santillán-Benítez. 2024. "Lippia origanoides and Thymus vulgaris Essential Oils Synergize with Ampicillin against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli" Microorganisms 12, no. 8: 1702. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081702