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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 4
10.3390/microorganisms13040940
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Article

Bioprospecting of Marine Organisms: Exploring Antibacterial Activities in Aqueous and Organic Extracts

by
Vinícius Paulino Pinto Menezes
1,
Aldeni Moreira da Silva Filho
1,
Aline Jeferson Costa
1,
Elielton Nascimento
2,
Ulisses Santos Pinheiro
2,
Renata Pinheiro Chaves
1,
Alexandre Lopes Andrade
3,
Mayron Alves de Vasconcelos
3,4,
Edson Holanda Teixeira
3,
Alexandre Holanda Sampaio
1,
Celso Shiniti Nagano
1 and
Rômulo Farias Carneiro
1,*
1
Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha—BioMar, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, bloco 871, Fortaleza 60440-970, CE, Brazil
2
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
3
Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas—LIBS, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Monsenhor Furtado, s/n, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil
4
Faculdade de Educação de Itapipoca, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. da Universidade, s/n, Madalenas, Itapipoca 62500-000, CE, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(4), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040940 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 14 March 2025 / Revised: 12 April 2025 / Accepted: 15 April 2025 / Published: 18 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue BioWarriors Unleashed: Exploring Nature's Arsenal Against Pathogenic Microorganisms)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of aqueous and organic extracts from 78 marine organisms, including seaweeds and sponges, collected along the coast of Ceará, Brazil. Extracts were obtained by maceration using distilled water and 50% acetonitrile and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive), and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) using the disk diffusion method, and inhibition zone diameters were measured. Antibacterial activity was observed in 30.7% of the extracts, with organic extracts showing higher efficacy. Several sponge species, particularly those from the genus Aplysina, as well as Amphimedon compressa, Amphimedon viridis, Mycale sp., and Pseudosuberites sp., demonstrated notable inhibitory effects. While seaweed aqueous extracts showed no activity, some organic extracts—especially from Amansia multifida—were effective against Gram-positive strains. In general, Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria. These findings underscore the biotechnological potential of marine organisms from the Brazilian coast as promising sources of antibacterial compounds and support future efforts focused on the isolation, characterization, and toxicological evaluation of active metabolites for pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
Keywords: antibacterial activity; bioactive extracts; marine organisms antibacterial activity; bioactive extracts; marine organisms

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MDPI and ACS Style

Menezes, V.P.P.; Silva Filho, A.M.d.; Costa, A.J.; Nascimento, E.; Pinheiro, U.S.; Chaves, R.P.; Andrade, A.L.; Vasconcelos, M.A.d.; Teixeira, E.H.; Sampaio, A.H.; et al. Bioprospecting of Marine Organisms: Exploring Antibacterial Activities in Aqueous and Organic Extracts. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040940

AMA Style

Menezes VPP, Silva Filho AMd, Costa AJ, Nascimento E, Pinheiro US, Chaves RP, Andrade AL, Vasconcelos MAd, Teixeira EH, Sampaio AH, et al. Bioprospecting of Marine Organisms: Exploring Antibacterial Activities in Aqueous and Organic Extracts. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(4):940. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040940

Chicago/Turabian Style

Menezes, Vinícius Paulino Pinto, Aldeni Moreira da Silva Filho, Aline Jeferson Costa, Elielton Nascimento, Ulisses Santos Pinheiro, Renata Pinheiro Chaves, Alexandre Lopes Andrade, Mayron Alves de Vasconcelos, Edson Holanda Teixeira, Alexandre Holanda Sampaio, and et al. 2025. "Bioprospecting of Marine Organisms: Exploring Antibacterial Activities in Aqueous and Organic Extracts" Microorganisms 13, no. 4: 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040940

APA Style

Menezes, V. P. P., Silva Filho, A. M. d., Costa, A. J., Nascimento, E., Pinheiro, U. S., Chaves, R. P., Andrade, A. L., Vasconcelos, M. A. d., Teixeira, E. H., Sampaio, A. H., Nagano, C. S., & Carneiro, R. F. (2025). Bioprospecting of Marine Organisms: Exploring Antibacterial Activities in Aqueous and Organic Extracts. Microorganisms, 13(4), 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040940

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