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10.3390/microorganisms7090353
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Article

Nitric Oxide Donor Modulates a Multispecies Oral Bacterial Community—An In Vitro Study

by
Takayuki Nambu
1,*,
Dan Wang
2,
Chiho Mashimo
1,
Hugo Maruyama
1,
Kosuke Kashiwagi
3,
Kazushi Yoshikawa
4,
Kazuyo Yamamoto
4 and
Toshinori Okinaga
1,*
1
Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
2
Department of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
3
Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
4
Department of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2019, 7(9), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090353
Submission received: 19 August 2019 / Revised: 10 September 2019 / Accepted: 11 September 2019 / Published: 14 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Microbiology)
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Abstract

The deterioration of human oral microbiota is known to not only cause oral diseases but also to affect systemic health. Various environmental factors are thought to influence the disruption and restoration of the oral ecosystem. In this study, we focused on the effect of nitric oxide (NO) produced by denitrification and NO synthase enzymes on dental plaque microbiota. Interdental plaques collected from 10 subjects were exposed to NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and then cultured in a specialized growth medium. Depending on the concentration of exposed SNP, a decrease in α-diversity and a continuous change in β-diversity in the dental plaque community were shown by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA genes. We also identified eight operational taxonomic units that were significantly altered by NO exposure. Among them, the exposure of NO donors to Fusobacterium nucleatum cells showed a decrease in survival rate consistent with the results of microbiota analysis. Meanwhile, in addition to NO tolerance, an increase in the tetrazolium salt-reducing activity of Campylobacter concisus cells was confirmed by exposure to SNP. This study provides an overview of how oral plaque microbiota shifts with exposure to NO and may contribute to the development of a method for adjusting the balance of the oral microbiome.
Keywords: oral microbiota; nitric oxide; sodium nitroprusside; 16S rRNA gene; high-throughput sequencing oral microbiota; nitric oxide; sodium nitroprusside; 16S rRNA gene; high-throughput sequencing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nambu, T.; Wang, D.; Mashimo, C.; Maruyama, H.; Kashiwagi, K.; Yoshikawa, K.; Yamamoto, K.; Okinaga, T. Nitric Oxide Donor Modulates a Multispecies Oral Bacterial Community—An In Vitro Study. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090353

AMA Style

Nambu T, Wang D, Mashimo C, Maruyama H, Kashiwagi K, Yoshikawa K, Yamamoto K, Okinaga T. Nitric Oxide Donor Modulates a Multispecies Oral Bacterial Community—An In Vitro Study. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(9):353. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090353

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nambu, Takayuki, Dan Wang, Chiho Mashimo, Hugo Maruyama, Kosuke Kashiwagi, Kazushi Yoshikawa, Kazuyo Yamamoto, and Toshinori Okinaga. 2019. "Nitric Oxide Donor Modulates a Multispecies Oral Bacterial Community—An In Vitro Study" Microorganisms 7, no. 9: 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090353

APA Style

Nambu, T., Wang, D., Mashimo, C., Maruyama, H., Kashiwagi, K., Yoshikawa, K., Yamamoto, K., & Okinaga, T. (2019). Nitric Oxide Donor Modulates a Multispecies Oral Bacterial Community—An In Vitro Study. Microorganisms, 7(9), 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090353

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