Evaluation and Predictive Modeling of Removal Condition for Bioadsorption of Indigo Blue Dye by Spirulina platensis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inoculum Preparation
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Mathematical Models
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optimum pH
3.2. Measurement of the Effect of Time and Concentration
3.3. Measurement of the Effect of the Temperature and Concentration
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviation
α | rate constant (h−1) |
B | concentration of biomass (g/L) |
C | equilibrium concentration (mg/L) |
Ce | amount of dye left in the solution at equilibrium (mg/L) |
Ci | initial concentration (mg/L) |
Ct | concentration over time (mg/L) |
observed average concentrations | |
D | discoloration of the indigo blue (%) |
k2 | rate constant (L/(mg·h)) |
Q | total adsorption (mg/L) |
q | adsorption capacity (mg/g) |
qe | amount of dye absorbed in the biomass at equilibrium (mg/g) |
t | time (h) |
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Experimental Design | pH | Indigo Blue Dye Concentration (mg/L) | Time (Hours) | Temperature (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Optimum pH | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 | 50 | 24 | 25 |
Time and concentration | 4 | 25, 50, 75, and 100 | 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 | 25 |
Temperature and concentration | 4 | 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 | 96 | 30, 40, and 50 |
Ci (mg/L) | Expected Qe (mg/L) = 0.91Co | Observed Average Qe (mg/L) (95% Ci) |
---|---|---|
25 | 22.8 | 23.1 ± 0.3 |
50 | 45.5 | 45.4 ± 2.3 |
75 | 68.3 | 67.7 ± 4.5 |
100 | 91 | 89.9 ± 7.21 |
Ci (mg/L) | First-Order Rate Constant K1 (1/h) (Estimate ± SE) | First-Order Model Residual SE RMSE | First-Order Residual MSC | Second-Order Rate Constant K2 (L/(mg·h)) (Estimate ± SE) | Second-Order Model Fit Residual SE RMSE | Second-Order Fit MSC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 | 0.046 ± 0.0047 | 1.146 | 5.10 | 0.00265 ± 0.00050 | 1.954 | 4.15 |
50 | 0.052 ± 0.0027 | 0.993 | 6.03 | 0.00180 ± 0.00013 | 1.128 | 5.79 |
75 | 0.047 ± 0.0081 | 5.64 | 4.60 | 0.00088 ± 0.00022 | 7.648 | 4.02 |
100 | 0.067 ± 0.015 | 8.774 | 4.14 | 0.00095 ± 0.00021 | 8.722 | 4.15 |
Temperature | bo (L/g) (Estimate ± SE) | p-Value | R2 (fit) |
---|---|---|---|
30 °C | 0.260 ± 0.047 | 0.011 | 0.883 |
40 °C | 3.104 ± 0.1622 | <0.001 | 0.987 |
50 °C | 10.220 ± 0.500 | <0.001 | 0.988 |
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Robledo-Padilla, F.; Aquines, O.; Silva-Núñez, A.; Alemán-Nava, G.S.; Castillo-Zacarías, C.; Ramirez-Mendoza, R.A.; Zavala-Yoe, R.; Iqbal, H.M.N.; Parra-Saldívar, R. Evaluation and Predictive Modeling of Removal Condition for Bioadsorption of Indigo Blue Dye by Spirulina platensis. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010082
Robledo-Padilla F, Aquines O, Silva-Núñez A, Alemán-Nava GS, Castillo-Zacarías C, Ramirez-Mendoza RA, Zavala-Yoe R, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Evaluation and Predictive Modeling of Removal Condition for Bioadsorption of Indigo Blue Dye by Spirulina platensis. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(1):82. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010082
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobledo-Padilla, Felipe, Osvaldo Aquines, Arisbe Silva-Núñez, Gibrán S. Alemán-Nava, Carlos Castillo-Zacarías, Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza, Ricardo Zavala-Yoe, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, and Roberto Parra-Saldívar. 2020. "Evaluation and Predictive Modeling of Removal Condition for Bioadsorption of Indigo Blue Dye by Spirulina platensis" Microorganisms 8, no. 1: 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010082