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10.3390/microorganisms8060819
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Article

Cultivable Bacterial Communities in Brines from Perennially Ice-Covered and Pristine Antarctic Lakes: Ecological and Biotechnological Implications

by
Carmen Rizzo
1,
Antonella Conte
2,
Maurizio Azzaro
3,
Maria Papale
3,
Alessandro C. Rappazzo
3,
Dario Battistel
4,
Marco Roman
4,
Angelina Lo Giudice
2,3,* and
Mauro Guglielmin
5
1
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Villa Pace, 98167 Messina, Italy
2
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
3
Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy
4
Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, University Ca’ Foscari, 30123 Venezia, Italy
5
Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2020, 8(6), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060819
Submission received: 24 April 2020 / Revised: 26 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 / Published: 29 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Microbial Biotechnology)
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Abstract

The diversity and biotechnological potentialities of bacterial isolates from brines of three Antarctic lakes of the Northern Victoria Land (namely Boulder Clay and Tarn Flat areas) were first explored. Cultivable bacterial communities were analysed mainly in terms of bacterial response to contaminants (i.e., antibiotics and heavy metals) and oxidation of contaminants (i.e., aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobiphenyls). Moreover, the biosynthesis of biomolecules (antibiotics, extracellular polymeric substances and enzymes) with applications for human health and environmental protection was assayed. A total of 74 and 141 isolates were retrieved from Boulder Clay and Tarn Flat brines, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, bacterial isolates represented three phyla, namely Proteobacteria (i.e., Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria), Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, with differences encountered among brines. At genus level, Rhodobacter, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter and Leifsonia members were dominant. Results obtained from this study on the physiological and enzymatic features of cold-adapted isolates from Antarctic lake brines provide interesting prospects for possible applications in the biotechnological field through future targeted surveys. Finally, findings on contaminant occurrence and bacterial response suggest that bacteria might be used as bioindicators for tracking human footprints in these remote polar areas.
Keywords: brine lenses; Antarctic cultivable bacteria; contaminants; bioprospecting brine lenses; Antarctic cultivable bacteria; contaminants; bioprospecting

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rizzo, C.; Conte, A.; Azzaro, M.; Papale, M.; Rappazzo, A.C.; Battistel, D.; Roman, M.; Lo Giudice, A.; Guglielmin, M. Cultivable Bacterial Communities in Brines from Perennially Ice-Covered and Pristine Antarctic Lakes: Ecological and Biotechnological Implications. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060819

AMA Style

Rizzo C, Conte A, Azzaro M, Papale M, Rappazzo AC, Battistel D, Roman M, Lo Giudice A, Guglielmin M. Cultivable Bacterial Communities in Brines from Perennially Ice-Covered and Pristine Antarctic Lakes: Ecological and Biotechnological Implications. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(6):819. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060819

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rizzo, Carmen, Antonella Conte, Maurizio Azzaro, Maria Papale, Alessandro C. Rappazzo, Dario Battistel, Marco Roman, Angelina Lo Giudice, and Mauro Guglielmin. 2020. "Cultivable Bacterial Communities in Brines from Perennially Ice-Covered and Pristine Antarctic Lakes: Ecological and Biotechnological Implications" Microorganisms 8, no. 6: 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060819

APA Style

Rizzo, C., Conte, A., Azzaro, M., Papale, M., Rappazzo, A. C., Battistel, D., Roman, M., Lo Giudice, A., & Guglielmin, M. (2020). Cultivable Bacterial Communities in Brines from Perennially Ice-Covered and Pristine Antarctic Lakes: Ecological and Biotechnological Implications. Microorganisms, 8(6), 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060819

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