Cryptosporidium sciurinum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Eurasian Red Squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Trapping and Specimen Collection
2.3. Source of Oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. Ferret Genotype
2.4. Molecular Characterization
2.5. Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.6. Oocyst Morphometry
2.7. Transmission Studies
2.8. Clinical and Pathomorphological Examinations
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
- Taxonomic summary
- Family Cryptosporidiidae Léger, 1911
- Genus Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1907
- Cryptosporidiumsciurinum n. sp.
- Syn: Cryptosporidium parvum ferret genotype ex black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) and Cryptosporidium sp. ferret genotype ex black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) of Xiao et al. [35].
- Type-host:Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 (Rodentia: Muridae) Eurasian red squirrel.
- Other natural hosts: black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus), Eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus).
- Type-locality: Třeboň, Czech Republic.
- Other localities: České Budějovice, Brno, Praha, Vlašim, whole Czech Republic; Povážská Bystrica, Handlová, Gabčíkovo, Bratislava, Košice, whole Slovakia; Guangdong, China; Northern Italy; Georgia, USA.
- Type-material: Faecal smear slides with oocysts stained by ACMV and ZN staining (nos. MV1-3/45901 and ZN1-2/45901) and gDNA isolated from faecal samples of a naturally infected Eurasian red squirrel (isolate 45901) are deposited at the Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
- Site of infection: unknown.
- Distribution: As Cryptosporidium sp. ferret genotype ex Sciurus vulgaris: China, Italy [13,16,17]; as Cryptosporidium sp. ferret genotype or Cryptosporidium parvum ferret genotype ex Mustela nigripes: USA [35], as Cryptosporidium sp. ferret genotype ex Tamias striatus, T. sibiricus and Melopsittacus undulatus: China [13,36].
- Prepatent period: unknown.
- Patent period: At least 5 weeks in naturally infected Sciurus vulgaris (isolate 51489 in the present study).
- Representative DNA sequences: Representative nucleotide sequences of SSU [MZ726453], actin [MZ772035], HSP70 [MZ772047], TRAP-C1 [MZ772037], COWP [MZ772045], and gp60 [MZ772039–MZ772042] genes are deposited in the GenBank database.
- ZooBank registration: To comply with the regulations set out in Article 8.5 of the amended 2012 version of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) [37], details of the new species have been submitted to ZooBank. The Life Science Identifier (LSID) of the article is urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:83ABAD68-07C6-4E51-8234- A2AC4C0EE72C. The LSID for the new name Cryptosporidium sciurinum n. sp. is urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E13F2B9F-D9C6-4ED9-9EA8-B94AEB6189A2.
- Etymology: The species name sciurinum is derived from the Latin noun sciurus, meaning squirrel.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Locality | Type | No. of Screened/No. of Positive | ID of Positive Animal | Microscopical Positivity | Sex/Age | Genotyping at the Gene Loci | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSU | Actin | HSP70 | COWP | TRAP-C1 | gp60 | |||||||
Czech Republic | (1) | W | 2/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
(2) | W | 1/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(3) | W | 5/2 | 48358 | No | F/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | VIIIbA11G1R1 | |
50030 | No | M/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | C. sciurinum | - | VIIIbA11G1R1 | ||||
(4) | W | 2/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(5) | W | 15/4 | 47183 | No | M/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | C. sciurinum | VIIIbA11G1R1 | |
47189 | No | F/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | ferret genotype | - | VIIIbA11G1R1 | ||||
47193 | No | M/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | C. sciurinum | VIIIbA11G1R1 | ||||
47200 | No | F/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | VIIIbA11G1R1 | ||||
(6) | W | 1/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(7) | W | 2/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(8) | W | 4/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(9) | W | 3/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(10) | W | 3/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(11) | W | 7/1 | 38512 | No | F/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | - | VIIIcA10G2R1 | |
(12) | W | 3/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(13) | W | 6/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(14) | W | 5/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(15) | W | 5/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(16) | W | 3/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(17) | W | 4/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(18) | W | 5/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(19) J | RC | 14/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(20) | RC | 4/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(21) | RC | 37/5 | 40736 | Yes | F/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | VIIIcA10G2R1 | |
40737 | Yes | M/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | VIIIcA10G2R1 | ||||
40738 | Yes | F/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | VIIIcA10G2R1 | ||||
40739 | Yes | M/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | VIIIcA10G2R1 | ||||
40741 | Yes | M/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | VIIIcA10G2R1 | ||||
(22 ) | RC | 23/2 | 41839 | Yes | F/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | VIIIcA10G2R1 | |
41840 | No | M/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | - | C. sciurinum | VIIIcA10G2R1 | ||||
(23) | RC | 21/5 | 45526 | No | M/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | C. sciurinum | VIIIbA11G1R1 | |
45901 | Yes | F/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | VIIIbA11G1R1 | ||||
51489 | Yes | M/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | VIIIbA11G1R1 | ||||
53289 | Yes | F/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | VIIIbA11G1R1 | ||||
51295 | No | M/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | - | C. sciurinum | VIIIbA11G1R1 | ||||
(24) | RC | 15/1 | 46479 | No | F/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | - | VIIIbA11G1R1 | |
(25) | RC | 15/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Slovakia | (26) | W | 8/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
(27) | W | 2/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(28) | W | 5/1 | 45562 | No | M/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | VIIIcA10G2R1 | |
(29) | W | 2/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(30) | W | 2/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(31) | W | 5/1 | 45560 | No | F/J | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | C. sciurinum | VIIIcA10G2R1 | |
(32) | W | 4/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(33) | W | 2/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(34) | W | 6/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(35) | W | 1/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(36) | W | 4/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(37) | W | 1/1 | 45561 | No | F/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | VIIIcA10G2R1 | |
(38) | W | 1/0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
(39) | W | 7/2 | 53942 | No | F/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | - | C. sciurinum | VIIIcA10G2R1 | |
53943 | No | M/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | VIIIcA10G2R1 | ||||
(40) | W | 8/1 | 53944 | No | M/A | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | C. sciurinum | - | - | VIIIcA10G2R1 |
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Prediger, J.; Ježková, J.; Holubová, N.; Sak, B.; Konečný, R.; Rost, M.; McEvoy, J.; Rajský, D.; Kváč, M. Cryptosporidium sciurinum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Eurasian Red Squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Microorganisms 2021, 9, 2050. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102050
Prediger J, Ježková J, Holubová N, Sak B, Konečný R, Rost M, McEvoy J, Rajský D, Kváč M. Cryptosporidium sciurinum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Eurasian Red Squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Microorganisms. 2021; 9(10):2050. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102050
Chicago/Turabian StylePrediger, Jitka, Jana Ježková, Nikola Holubová, Bohumil Sak, Roman Konečný, Michael Rost, John McEvoy, Dušan Rajský, and Martin Kváč. 2021. "Cryptosporidium sciurinum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Eurasian Red Squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)" Microorganisms 9, no. 10: 2050. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102050
APA StylePrediger, J., Ježková, J., Holubová, N., Sak, B., Konečný, R., Rost, M., McEvoy, J., Rajský, D., & Kváč, M. (2021). Cryptosporidium sciurinum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Eurasian Red Squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Microorganisms, 9(10), 2050. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102050