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Case Report

Hafnia alvei Pneumonia: A Rare Cause of Infection in a Patient with COVID-19

1
Microbiology Research Laboratory on Environmental Health (EnviHealthMicro Lab), Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
2
Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Entre o Douro e Vouga, 4520-221 Santa Maria da feira, Portugal
3
Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
4
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2021, 9(11), 2369; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112369
Submission received: 12 October 2021 / Revised: 11 November 2021 / Accepted: 12 November 2021 / Published: 17 November 2021

Abstract

Herein, we describe a case report of a critically ill patient, a 48-year-old man without comorbidities admitted to the hospital with a serious type 1 (hypoxemic) respiratory insufficiency and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. After 5 days with invasive mechanical ventilation, the patient developed a bacterial co-infection, namely a pneumonia by Hafnia alvei, requiring the last line of respiratory support: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Subsequently, his clinical situation gradually stabilized, until he was discharged from the hospital on day 61, being accompanied in ambulatory consultation by the physical medicine and pulmonology department during the post-COVID-19 recovery. H. alvei is a Gram-negative bacterium that is rarely isolated from human specimens and is rarely considered to be pathogenic. However, COVID-19 disease can cause substantial organ dysfunction and can be associated with bacterial secondary infections which can favor the emergence of rare infectious diseases by uncommon microorganisms.
Keywords: COVID-19; ventilator-associated pneumonia; bacterial co-infection; Hafnia alvei; gram-negative; critical care; Portugal COVID-19; ventilator-associated pneumonia; bacterial co-infection; Hafnia alvei; gram-negative; critical care; Portugal

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MDPI and ACS Style

Méndez, L.; Ferreira, J.; Caneiras, C. Hafnia alvei Pneumonia: A Rare Cause of Infection in a Patient with COVID-19. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112369

AMA Style

Méndez L, Ferreira J, Caneiras C. Hafnia alvei Pneumonia: A Rare Cause of Infection in a Patient with COVID-19. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(11):2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112369

Chicago/Turabian Style

Méndez, Lucía, Jorge Ferreira, and Cátia Caneiras. 2021. "Hafnia alvei Pneumonia: A Rare Cause of Infection in a Patient with COVID-19" Microorganisms 9, no. 11: 2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112369

APA Style

Méndez, L., Ferreira, J., & Caneiras, C. (2021). Hafnia alvei Pneumonia: A Rare Cause of Infection in a Patient with COVID-19. Microorganisms, 9(11), 2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112369

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