Effects of the Physiological Status and Diet on Blood Metabolic Parameters in Amiata Dairy Donkeys
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Management, Experimental Diets and Samplings
2.2. Chemical Analysis of Hay, and Estimate of the Energy and Protein Value of Feed
2.3. Blood Analysis
2.4. Analysis of Milk Chemical Composition and Somatic Cell Count
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Components | Grass Hay | Commercial Concentrate |
---|---|---|
CP (g/100 g of DM) | 8.53 | 18.97 |
Fat (g/100 g of DM) | 1.05 | 3.45 |
Crude fiber (g/100 g of DM) | 37.85 | 15.52 |
Ash (g/100 g of DM) | 7.41 | 9.77 |
Sugars (g/100 g of DM) | n.d. | 5.52 |
Starch (g/100 g of DM) | n.d. | 23.56 |
NFC (g/100 g of DM) | 19.39 | 35.40 |
Neutral Detergent Fiber (% of crude fiber) | 63.62 | 32.41 |
Acid Detergent Fiber (% of crude fibre) | 38.93 | 15.98 |
Acid Detergent Lignin (% of crude fiber) | 6.91 | 3.45 |
Hemicellulose (% of crude fiber) | 24.69 | 16.43 |
DE (MJ/kg DM) | 8.42 | 11.56 |
DP (g/kg of DM) | 68.37 | 182.99 |
Diet 1 | Diet 2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy | Maintenance | Lactation | Maintenance | |
Hay (kg DM) | 6.35 | 7.63 | 6.29 | 7.08 |
Concentrate (kg DM) | 0 | 0 | 1.74 | 1.74 |
Total intake (kg DM) | 6.35 | 7.63 | 8.03 | 8.82 |
Actual DE intake | 14.86 | 21.60 | 25.58 | 25.28 |
(MJ/100 kg BW) | ||||
Recommended DE intake a | 13–18 | 12–15 | 24–30 | 12–15 |
(MJ/100 kg BW) | ||||
Actual CP intake | 150.55 | 218.79 | 303.41 | 296.17 |
(g/100 kg BW) | ||||
Recommended CP intake a | 169.33–199 | 126 | Not available | 126 |
(g/100 kg BW) |
Pregnancy Group | Maintenance Group | RMSE | |
---|---|---|---|
Weight | 339.86 A | 296.25 B | 24.83 |
BCS | 3.86 | 3.687 | 0.37 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 50.86 | 53.37 | 12.05 |
NEFA (μmol/L) | 68.29 a | 37.25 b | 26.77 |
B-HBA (mg/dL) | 2.39 | 3.53 | 2.52 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 13.00 | 15.62 | 2.71 |
Total blood Protein (g/dL) | 7.24 | 7.39 | 0.63 |
Lactating Group | Maintenance Group | RMSE | |
---|---|---|---|
Weight | 290.43 | 312.36 | 8.80 |
BCS | 3.85 B | 4.22 A | 0.25 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 66.52 A | 55.43 B | 17.00 |
NEFA (μmol/L) | 268.28 A | 26.37 B | 113.53 |
B-HBA (mg/dL) | 3.98 | 3.69 | 1.35 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 14.85 | 15.07 | 1.95 |
Total Blood Protein (g/dL) | 7.15 | 6.88 | 0.37 |
DM (%) | Protein (%) | Casein (%) | Fat (%) | Ash (%) | pH | SCC (n/100 mL) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose (mg/dL) | - | - | - | 0.41 * | - | 0.40 * | - |
NEFA (μmol/L) | 0.34 * | 0.36 * | 0.40 * | 0.36 * | |||
B-HBA (mg/dL) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.61 ** |
BUN (mg/dL) | - | 0.36 * | |||||
Blood total protein (g/dL) | - | - | 0.39 * | - | 0.38 * | - | - |
Fatty Acid (g/100 g of Total FAME) | NEFA (μmol/L) | Fatty Acid (g/100 g of Total FAME) | NEFA (μmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|
C6:0 | −0.57 ** | C20:0 | −0.46 * |
C8:0 | −0.55 ** | C24:0 | 0.40 * |
C10:0 | −0.44 * | SCFA | −0.49 ** |
C12:0 | −0.50 ** | LCFA | 0.43 * |
C14:0 | −0.46 * | SFA | −0.49 ** |
C15:0 | −0.42 * | MUFA | 0.60 ** |
C16:1 | 0.57 * | UFA/SFA | 0.46 * |
C17:0 | −0.58 ** |
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Salari, F.; Roncoroni, C.; Altomonte, I.; Boselli, C.; Brajon, G.; Martini, M. Effects of the Physiological Status and Diet on Blood Metabolic Parameters in Amiata Dairy Donkeys. Animals 2021, 11, 3292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113292
Salari F, Roncoroni C, Altomonte I, Boselli C, Brajon G, Martini M. Effects of the Physiological Status and Diet on Blood Metabolic Parameters in Amiata Dairy Donkeys. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113292
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalari, Federica, Cristina Roncoroni, Iolanda Altomonte, Carlo Boselli, Giovanni Brajon, and Mina Martini. 2021. "Effects of the Physiological Status and Diet on Blood Metabolic Parameters in Amiata Dairy Donkeys" Animals 11, no. 11: 3292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113292