Supplementing Trace Minerals to Beef Cows during Gestation to Enhance Productive and Health Responses of the Offspring
1
Prairie Research Unit, Mississippi State University, Prairie, MS 39756, USA
2
Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
3
Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2021, 11(4), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041159
Submission received: 4 March 2021
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Revised: 14 April 2021
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Accepted: 15 April 2021
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Published: 18 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Developmental Programming on Growth, Efficiency, and Metabolism of Offspring)
Simple Summary
During gestation, the fetus relies on the dam for the supply of all nutrients, including trace minerals, which are essential for developmental processes including organogenesis, vascularization, and differentiation. Alterations in maternal nutritional status may promote adaptations that permanently alter the trajectory of growth, physiology, and metabolism of the offspring. Supplementing trace minerals to gestating cows may be a strategy to enhance progeny performance and health. The purpose of this review is to highlight current information relevant to trace mineral supplementation during gestation, with an emphasis on Zn, Cu, Co, and Mn, and their impacts on offspring productive responses. Identifying nutritional strategies targeted at this period of development and understanding the implications of such provides an opportunity to enhance the productive efficiency of beef cattle systems.
Abstract
Nutritional management during gestation is critical to optimize the efficiency and profitability of beef production systems. Given the essentiality of trace minerals to fetal developmental processes, their supplementation represents one approach to optimize offspring productivity. Our research group investigated the impacts of supplementing gestating beef cows with organic-complexed (AAC) or inorganic sources (INR) of Co, Cu, Mn, or Zn on productive and health responses of the progeny. Calves born to AAC supplemented cows had reduced incidence of bovine respiratory disease and were >20 kg heavier from weaning until slaughter compared to unsupplemented cohorts. Complementing these findings, heifer progeny born to AAC supplemented cows had accelerated puberty attainment. Collectively, research demonstrates supplementing trace minerals to gestating beef cows may be a strategy to enhance offspring productivity in beef production systems.
Keywords:
beef cows; developmental programming; gestation; health; offspring; production; trace minerals
