The Effects of Hemp Hay (Canapa sativa L.) in the Diets of Grazing Goats on Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Diet and Feed Analysis
2.3. Milk Sampling and Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pasture | Barley/Corn Mix | Hemp Hay | Alfalfa Hay | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CP | 160.2 ± 1.3 | 100.4 ± 0.9 | 207.7 ± 2.7 | 194.5 ± 2.6 |
EE | 22.6 ± 0.3 | 31.6 ± 2.6 | 21.2 ± 0.7 | 16.8 ± 0.8 |
NDF | 481.8 ± 5.1 | 165.2 ± 1.3 | 401.5 ± 2.4 | 413.5 ± 2.3 |
ADF | 429.4 ± 2.51 | 45.1 ± 1.7 | 318.4 ± 5.2 | 344.1 ± 4.9 |
ADL | 46.2 ± 2.9 | 5.3 ± 2.2 | 33.4 ± 6.0 | 51.7 ± 2.7 |
Ash | 72.5 ± 2.2 | 10.5 ± 1.5 | 101.9 ± 1.4 | 99.5 ± 1.9 |
UFL/kg DM | 0.76 | 1.04 | 0.78 | 0.77 |
Pasture | BCM | HH | AH | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
April | May | June | July | ||||
SFA | 39.2A | 22.3 D | 26.4C | 34.6B | 20.0 | 39.0 | 25.3 |
MUFA | 22.8A | 11.2C | 17.8B | 16.4B | 21.5 | 23.5 | 8.2 |
PUFA | 38.0D | 65.5A | 55.8B | 49.0C | 58.5 | 37.5 | 66.5 |
n6 PUFA | 16.2C | 24.1B | 29.9A | 10.31D | 55.4 | 8.3 | 17.1 |
n3 PUFA | 21.3D | 40.1A | 25.3C | 37.9B | 1.6 | 15.6 | 34.8 |
H | C | RMSE | |
---|---|---|---|
Body weight | 49.1 | 49.2 | 6.3 |
Milk yield | 1954.0 a | 1731.0 b | 503.5 |
Protein | 3.26 | 3.16 | 0.20 |
Fat | 2.99 | 3.07 | 1.74 |
Lactose | 4.15 | 4.05 | 0.18 |
Item | Group Effect | Time Effect | G × T | RMSE | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group H | Group C | p | p | p | ||
SFA | ||||||
C4:0 | 3.041 | 3.214 | NS | *** | NS | 0.774 |
C6:0 | 1.737 | 1.824 | NS | NS | *** | 0.190 |
C8:0 | 2.421 | 2.682 | NS | *** | *** | 0.364 |
C10:0 | 10.80 | 10.70 | NS | *** | *** | 1.063 |
C11:0 | 0.089 | 0.251 | *** | *** | *** | 0.066 |
C12:0 | 3.687 | 4.658 | *** | * | *** | 0.677 |
C13:0 | 0.055 | 0.112 | *** | *** | *** | 0.022 |
C14:0 | 9.585 | 10.995 | *** | *** | *** | 0.835 |
C15:0 | 0.699 | 0.822 | *** | *** | *** | 0.109 |
C16:0 | 29.17 | 27.93 | * | NS | NS | 2.299 |
C17:0 | 0.650 | 0.860 | *** | *** | *** | 0.196 |
C18:0 | 13.26 | 11.23 | *** | *** | * | 2.085 |
C20:0 | 0.186 | 0.197 | NS | ** | NS | 0.042 |
C22:0 | 0.103 | 0.124 | *** | *** | * | 0.022 |
C24:0 | 0.039 | 0.030 | *** | * | *** | 0.009 |
MUFA | ||||||
C14:1 | 0.166 | 0.294 | *** | ** | ** | 0.074 |
C16:1 | 0.617 | 0.471 | *** | *** | *** | 0.072 |
C17:1 | 0.024 | 0.019 | ** | NS | NS | 0.005 |
C18:1 CIS6 | 0.118 | 0.113 | NS | *** | * | 0.023 |
C18:1 trans 9 | 0.276 | 0.315 | NS | *** | NS | 0.134 |
C18:1 trans 11 (TVA) | 1.437 | 1.320 | NS | ** | NS | 0.267 |
C18:1 CIS9 | 17.13 | 16.89 | NS | ** | ** | 1.155 |
C18:1 CIS10 | 0.323 | 0.341 | NS | *** | * | 0.099 |
C18:1 CIS11 | 0.199 | 0.143 | *** | *** | *** | 0.053 |
C18:1 CIS12 | 0.083 | 0.069 | * | *** | * | 0.022 |
C22:1 | 0.016 | 0.012 | NS | NS | NS | 0.009 |
C24:1 | 0.021 | 0.027 | * | ** | NS | 0.008 |
PUFA | ||||||
C18:2 TRANS n6 | 0.116 | 0.135 | NS | *** | *** | 0.046 |
C18:2 CIS n6 (LA) | 1.726 | 1.980 | *** | *** | *** | 0.238 |
C18:3 n6 | 0.031 | 0.026 | NS | *** | NS | 0.014 |
C18:3 n3 (ALA) | 0.808 | 0.792 | NS | *** | NS | 0.149 |
CLA1 | 0.239 | 0.333 | *** | *** | NS | 0.064 |
CLA2 | 0.219 | 0.161 | *** | *** | *** | 0.034 |
C20:2 n6 | 0.022 | 0.037 | *** | *** | *** | 0.010 |
C20:3 n6 | 0.019 | 0.019 | NS | * | NS | 0.020 |
C20:4 n6 (AA) | 0.108 | 0.125 | *** | *** | NS | 0.017 |
C22:2 n6 | 0.017 | 0.017 | NS | ** | NS | 0.007 |
C20:5 n3 (EPA) | 0.053 | 0.044 | * | *** | ** | 0.013 |
Item | Group H | Group C | Group Effect | Time Effect | G × T | RMSE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SFA | 75.52 | 75.64 | NS | *** | * | 1.107 |
MUFA | 20.42 | 20.04 | NS | *** | *** | 1.105 |
PUFA | 3.38 | 3.67 | *** | *** | *** | 0.325 |
n6 | 2.05 | 2.34 | *** | *** | *** | 0.237 |
n3 | 0.871 | 0.837 | NS | *** | NS | 0.151 |
CLAs | 0.459 | 0.494 | NS | *** | NS | 0.073 |
PUFA/SFA | 0.044 | 0.048 | ** | *** | *** | 0.044 |
n6/n3 | 2.40 | 2.98 | *** | *** | ** | 0.515 |
LA/ALA | 2.17 | 2.66 | *** | ** | ** | 0.523 |
AA/EPA | 2.31 | 3.19 | *** | *** | ** | 0.837 |
DFA | 37.06 | 36.01 | *** | ** | NS | 0.352 |
HSFA | 42.43 | 43.01 | NS | NS | NS | 0.376 |
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Iommelli, P.; Zicarelli, F.; Amato, R.; Musco, N.; Sarubbi, F.; Bailoni, L.; Lombardi, P.; Di Bennardo, F.; Infascelli, F.; Tudisco, R. The Effects of Hemp Hay (Canapa sativa L.) in the Diets of Grazing Goats on Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile. Animals 2024, 14, 2373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162373
Iommelli P, Zicarelli F, Amato R, Musco N, Sarubbi F, Bailoni L, Lombardi P, Di Bennardo F, Infascelli F, Tudisco R. The Effects of Hemp Hay (Canapa sativa L.) in the Diets of Grazing Goats on Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile. Animals. 2024; 14(16):2373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162373
Chicago/Turabian StyleIommelli, Piera, Fabio Zicarelli, Ruggero Amato, Nadia Musco, Fiorella Sarubbi, Lucia Bailoni, Pietro Lombardi, Federica Di Bennardo, Federico Infascelli, and Raffaella Tudisco. 2024. "The Effects of Hemp Hay (Canapa sativa L.) in the Diets of Grazing Goats on Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile" Animals 14, no. 16: 2373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162373