Limpograss [Hemarthria altissima] Silage and Protein Supplementation as an Alternative Feed Option for Growing Heifers in North Florida
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design, Animals, and Treatments
2.2. Intake and Average Daily Gain
2.3. Apparent Total Tract Digestibility
2.4. Laboratory Analyses
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Intake
3.2. Animal Performance
3.3. Apparent Total Tract Digestibility
4. Discussion
4.1. Nutrient Intake
4.2. Animal Performance
4.3. Apparent Total Tract Digestibility
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Limpograss Silage | Cube |
---|---|---|
DM g·kg−1 DM | 416 | 900 |
OM g·kg−1 DM | 930 | 910 |
CP g·kg−1 DM | 73 | 320 |
NDF g·kg−1 DM | 674 | 301 |
TDN g·kg−1 DM | 578 * | 680 |
Calcium % | - | 0.51 |
Phosphorus % | - | 1.03 |
Magnesium % | - | 0.43 |
Potassium % | - | 1.16 |
Sodium % | - | 0.120 |
Sulfur % | - | 0.39 |
Lactic Acid, % DM 1 | 4.35 | - |
Acetic Acid, % DM 1 | 0.53 | - |
Lactic/Acetic Ratio 1 | 8.15 | - |
Propionic Acid, % DM 1 | 0.00 | - |
Butyric Acid, % DM 1 | 0.00 | - |
Isobutyric Acid, % DM 1 | 0.00 | - |
Total Acids, % DM 1 | 4.89 | - |
pH 1 | 3.80 | - |
NH3, CP Equivalent %, DM 1 | 0.26 | - |
NH3-N, % of Total N 1 | 3.61 | - |
VFA Score 1 | 8.32 | - |
PSPS Particle Size, % 2 | ||
>19.0 mm | 7.3 | - |
>8.0 mm | 46.3 | - |
<8.0 mm | 37.2 | - |
<4.0 mm | 9.1 | - |
Protein Supplement Levels (kg·d−1) * | Order Effect | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intake, kg·d−1 | 0 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 4.2 | SEM | L | Q |
DM | |||||||
Silage | 6.4 | 6.5 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 0.01 | 0.070 | 0.190 |
Supplement | - | 1.4 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Total | 6.4 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 0.12 | 0.002 | 0.010 |
Total, %BW | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 0.03 | 0.010 | 0.020 |
OM Total, %BW | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 0.03 | 0.010 | 0.030 |
CP Total, %BW | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
NDF Total, %BW | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 0.02 | 0.010 | 0.020 |
ADG, kg | −0.32 | 0.42 | 0.61 | 0.73 | 0.03 | 0.0003 | <0.0001 |
G:F | −0.05 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.005 | 0.070 | 0.100 |
Protein Supplement Levels (kg·d−1) 1 | Order Effect | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Digestibility | 0 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 4.2 | SEM | L | Q |
DM, g·kg−1 | 543 | 563 | 591 | 607 | 0.21 | 0.0002 | 0.001 |
OM, g·kg−1 | 574 | 593 | 620 | 638 | 0.23 | 0.0003 | 0.002 |
CP, g·kg−1 | 348 | 488 | 616 | 665 | 0.78 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
NDF, g·kg−1 | 620 | 614 | 608 | 604 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
DOM:CP | 7.8 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 0.07 | <0.010 | <0.010 |
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Neto, J.D.P.; Dubeux, J.C.B., Jr.; DiLorenzo, N.; Bretas, I.L.; Santos, M.V.F.d.; Ruiz-Moreno, M.; Cruz, P.J.R.d.; Santos, E.R.d.S.; Queiroz, L.M.D.; Oduor, K.T.; et al. Limpograss [Hemarthria altissima] Silage and Protein Supplementation as an Alternative Feed Option for Growing Heifers in North Florida. Animals 2024, 14, 2398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162398
Neto JDP, Dubeux JCB Jr., DiLorenzo N, Bretas IL, Santos MVFd, Ruiz-Moreno M, Cruz PJRd, Santos ERdS, Queiroz LMD, Oduor KT, et al. Limpograss [Hemarthria altissima] Silage and Protein Supplementation as an Alternative Feed Option for Growing Heifers in North Florida. Animals. 2024; 14(16):2398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162398
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeto, Jose D. Pereira, Jose C. B. Dubeux, Jr., Nicolas DiLorenzo, Igor L. Bretas, Mercia V. F. dos Santos, Martin Ruiz-Moreno, Priscila J. R. da Cruz, Erick R. da S. Santos, Luana M. D. Queiroz, Kenneth T. Oduor, and et al. 2024. "Limpograss [Hemarthria altissima] Silage and Protein Supplementation as an Alternative Feed Option for Growing Heifers in North Florida" Animals 14, no. 16: 2398. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162398