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Challenges in the Application of African Swine Fever Vaccines in Asia
by
, , ,
Agathe Auer
1,2,*,
Giovanni Cattoli
3,
Pawin Padungtod
4,
Charles E. Lamien
1,
Yooni Oh
5,
Sarah Jayme
5 and
Andriy Rozstalnyy
2 1
Joint FAO/IAEA Center, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
2
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
3
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padua, Italy
4
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Representation in Vietnam, Hanoi 11112, Vietnam
5
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2024, 14(17), 2473; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172473 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 22 July 2024
/
Revised: 23 August 2024
/
Accepted: 23 August 2024
/
Published: 25 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue African Swine Fever Virus Transmission and Control: The Role of Wild and Domestic Suids—2nd Edition)
Simple Summary
African swine fever (ASF) presents a significant challenge in Asia, where outbreaks have devastated the pork industry and threatened food security due to high mortality rates in pigs. The disease, caused by the ASF virus genotype II, has spread rapidly across the region since its emergence in China in 2018. This paper discusses the introduction and implications of vaccines such as NAVET-ASFVAC and AVAC ASF Live in Vietnam, emphasizing the necessity for rigorous testing and regulatory oversight. Despite the potential use of vaccines to control the disease, concerns about the safety of live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), including their ability to revert to virulence or create new recombinant strains, highlight the complexity of ASF management. Effective vaccine strategies, alongside strict biosecurity measures, and rapid diagnostics are essential to mitigate the economic and social impacts of ASF and ensure the stability of pig populations in Asia.
Abstract
This paper explores the significance of quality vaccines in managing ASF in Asia, where it poses a substantial threat to the pork industry. It emphasizes the risks associated with substandard vaccines, including the emergence of new virus strains that complicate disease control. Highlighting recent advancements in vaccine deployment in Vietnam, the paper calls for rigorous testing and regulations to guarantee vaccine effectiveness and safety. The authors advocate for the implementation of vaccines with the inclusion of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), which enhances disease management strategies in both endemic and non-endemic regions. The conclusion underscores the necessity of stringent standards in vaccine development and strict adherence to regulatory guidelines to ensure successful ASF management and maintain public trust in the vaccines.
