Characterization of Post-Mortem pH Evolution and Rigor Mortis Process in Botucatu Rabbit Carcasses of Different Categories
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Slaughter, Carcass Characteristics and pH
2.3. Rigor Mortis Evaluation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Live Weight at Slaughter, Weight, and Yield of Hot and Cold Carcasses
3.2. Evolution of pH
3.3. Establishment and Resolution of Rigor Mortis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sex (n = 20) | Age (n = 20) | p-Value | CV (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 Months | 12 Months | |||||
LW (kg) | p (A) | p (S) | p Int. (AxS) | |||
Female | 3.04 (2.70–3.50) Ab | 4.63 (4.20–5.40) Aa | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 8.97 |
Male | 2.85 (2.40–3.10) Ab | 3.76 (3.30–3.90) Ba | ||||
HCW (kg) | p (A) | p (S) | p Int. (AxS) | |||
Female | 1.55 (1.40–1.80) Ab | 2.49 (2.25–3.08) Aa | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 9.07 |
Male | 1.49 (1.36–1.64) Ab | 2.01 (1.84–2.32) Ba | ||||
CCW (kg) | p (A) | p (S) | p Int. (AxS) | |||
Female | 1.51 (1.37–1.75) Ab | 2.44 (2.20–3.01) Aa | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 9.05 |
Male | 1.44 (1.30–1.57) Ab | 1.95 (1.79–2.27) Ba | ||||
HCY (%) | CCY (%) | |||||
Age (A) | ||||||
3 months | 51.74 b | 50.05 b | ||||
12 months | 53.78 a | 52.36 a | ||||
Sex (S) | ||||||
Female | 52.58 a | 51.20 a | ||||
Male | 52.96 a | 51.21 a | ||||
p-value | ||||||
p (A) | 0.005 | 0.002 | ||||
p (S) | 0.472 | 0.845 | ||||
p Int. (A × S) | 0.231 | 0.223 | ||||
CV (%) | 4.02 | 4.09 |
Time Post-Mortem | pH | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longissimus lumborum | Biceps femoris | |||||||
3 Months Botucatu Rabbits (n = 20) | 12 Months Botucatu Rabbits (n = 20) | 3 Months Botucatu Rabbits (n = 20) | 12 Months Botucatu Rabbits (n = 20) | |||||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
0 h | 6.52 ± 0.06 A | 6.74 ± 0.07 A | 6.70 ± 0.07 A | 6.63 ± 0.05 A | 6.74 ± 0.05 A | 6.80 ± 0.07 A | 6.76 ± 0.07 A | 6.74 ± 0.10 A |
1 h | 6.48 ± 0.06 A | 6.43 ± 0.07 B | 6.68 ± 0.08 A | 6.33 ± 0.04 AB | 6.61 ± 0.06 A | 6.62 ± 0.09 AB | 6.67 ± 0.05 A | 6.54 ± 0.05 AB |
2 h | 6.32 ± 0.07 ABC | 6.34 ± 0.07 BC | 6.51 ± 0.06 AB | 6.17 ± 0.07 BC | 6.43 ± 0.05 B | 6.41 ± 0.08 BC | 6.51 ± 0.06 B | 6.45 ± 0.05 BC |
3 h | 6.20 ± 0.07 BC | 6.3 ± 0.07 BCD | 6.39 ± 0.05 BC | 6.13 ± 0.07 BC | 6.32 ± 0.03 BC | 6.32 ± 0.07 BC | 6.33 ± 0.02 C | 6.41 ± 0.06 BC |
4 h | 6.00 ± 0.09 CD | 6.15 ± 0.09 BCD | 6.31 ± 0.03 BC | 6.07 ± 0.05 BC | 6.24 ± 0.02 CD | 6.29 ± 0.13 C | 6.28 ± 0.03 CD | 6.38 ± 0.05 BCD |
5 h | 5.90 ± 0.07 DE | 6.10 ± 0.06 CDE | 6.25 ± 0.04 BC | 6.04 ± 0.03 C | 6.24 ± 0.01 CD | 6.28 ± 0.05 C | 6.28 ± 0.03 CD | 6.35 ± 0.06 BCD |
6 h | 5.89 ± 0.06 DE | 6.09 ± 0.04 CDE | 6.18 ± 0.01 CD | 6.05 ± 0.04 C | 6.23 ± 0.01 CDE | 6.21 ± 0.04 C | 6.27 ± 0.01 CD | 6.29 ± 0.02 BCD |
7 h | 5.89 ± 0.03 DE | 6.08 ± 0.05 CDE | 6.18 ± 0.01 CD | 6.02 ± 0.05 C | 6.17 ± 0.01 DEFG | 6.21 ± 0.05 C | 6.27 ± 0.02 CD | 6.28 ± 0.03 CD |
8 h | 5.89 ± 0.04 DE | 6.07 ± 0.05 CDE | 6.17 ± 0.01 CD | 6.01 ± 0.05 C | 6.13 ± 0.01 DEFG | 6.19 ± 0.04 C | 6.27 ± 0.01 CD | 6.25 ± 0.03 CD |
9 h | 5.89 ± 0.02 DE | 6.05 ± 0.05 CDE | 6.18 ± 0.08 CD | 6.01 ± 0.05 C | 6.10 ± 0.01 FG | 6.19 ± 0.04 C | 6.27 ± 0.01 CD | 6.25 ± 0.08 CD |
10 h | 5.89 ± 0.02 DE | 6.04 ± 0.05 DE | 6.17 ± 0.07 CD | 5.98 ± 0.05 C | 6.10 ± 0.01 FG | 6.19 ± 0.04 C | 6.27 ± 0.01 CD | 6.25 ± 0.03 CD |
11 h | 5.88 ± 0.01 DE | 6.04 ± 0.06 DE | 6.16 ± 0.06 CD | 5.98 ± 0.05 C | 6.09 ± 0.01 G | 6.19 ± 0.08 C | 6.24 ± 0.02 CD | 6.25 ± 0.03 CD |
12 h | 5.88 ± 0.01 DE | 6.04 ± 0.06 DE | 6.17 ± 0.05 CD | 5.98 ± 0.06 C | 6.09 ± 0.02 G | 6.19 ± 0.05 C | 6.24 ± 0.01 CD | 6.25 ± 0.01 CD |
13 h | 5.88 ± 0.02 DE | 6.04 ± 0.06 DE | 6.17 ± 0.05 CD | 5.98 ± 0.08 C | 6.09 ± 0.01 G | 6.19 ± 0.06 C | 6.24 ± 0.01 CD | 6.25 ± 0.01 CD |
14 h | 5.89 ± 0.01 DE | 6.03 ± 0.04 DE | 6.16 ± 0.05 D | 5.97 ± 0.08 C | 6.09 ± 0.01 G | 6.18 ± 0.05 C | 6.24 ± 0.01 CD | 6.24 ± 0.06 CD |
15 h | 5.88 ± 0.02 DE | 6.03 ± 0.05 DE | 6.16 ± 0.04 D | 5.93 ± 0.07 C | 6.08 ± 0.02 G | 6.18 ± 0.07 C | 6.28 ± 0.01 CD | 6.24 ± 0.05 CD |
16 h | 5.88 ± 0.02 DE | 6.03 ± 0.05 DE | 6.12 ± 0.04 D | 5.92 ± 0.07 C | 6.08 ± 0.01 G | 6.18 ± 0.06 C | 6.23 ± 0.01 CD | 6.24 ± 0.09 CD |
17 h | 5.89 ± 0.01 DE | 6.01 ± 0.05 DE | 6.12 ± 0.03 D | 5.92 ± 0.08 C | 6.07 ± 0.01 G | 6.18 ± 0.05 C | 6.21 ± 0.02 CD | 6.24 ± 0.02 CD |
18 h | 5.88 ± 0.01 DE | 6.01 ± 0.03 DE | 6.12 ± 0.04 D | 5.91 ± 0.07 C | 6.06 ± 0.02 G | 6.17 ± 0.05 C | 6.20 ± 0.02 CD | 6.23 ± 0.03 CD |
19 h | 5.88 ± 0.01 DE | 5.99 ± 0.05 E | 6.11 ± 0.04 D | 5.92 ± 0.06 C | 6.07 ± 0.01 G | 6.14 ± 0.05 C | 6.20 ± 0.01 CD | 6.19 ± 0.05 D |
20 h | 5.87 ± 0.02 DE | 5.98 ± 0.05 E | 6.10 ± 0.02 D | 5.92 ± 0.05 C | 6.06 ± 0.01 G | 6.14 ± 0.03 C | 6.20 ± 0.01 CD | 6.19 ± 0.04 D |
21 h | 5.84 ± 0.01 DE | 5.98 ± 0.05 E | 6.10 ± 0.01 D | 5.91 ± 0.04 C | 6.06 ± 0.01 G | 6.14 ± 0.03 C | 6.16 ± 0.02 D | 6.19 ± 0.04 D |
22 h | 5.80 ± 0.01 DE | 5.98 ± 0.05 E | 6.10 ± 0.02 D | 5.91 ± 0.04 C | 6.06 ± 0.03 G | 6.13 ± 0.04 C | 6.16 ± 0.01 D | 6.17 ± 0.02 D |
23 h | 5.80 ± 0.01 DE | 5.98 ± 0.04 E | 6.10 ± 0.02 D | 5.90 ± 0.04 C | 6.06 ± 0.03 G | 6.13 ± 0.04 C | 6.16 ± 0.01 D | 6.17 ± 0.02 D |
24 h | 5.77 ± 0.01 E | 5.97 ± 0.05 E | 6.10 ± 0.02 D | 5.93 ± 0.05 C | 6.06 ± 0.06 G | 6.13 ± 0.04 C | 6.17 ± 0.02 D | 6.17 ± 0.05 D |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Time Post-Mortem | Male | Female | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
3 Months | 12 Months | 3 Months | 12 Months | |
0 h | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A |
1 h | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A |
2 h | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A |
3 h | 90 A | 90 A | 90 A | 95 A |
4 h | 55 A | 50 A | 65 A | 90 A |
5 h | 35 B | 40 B | 35 B | 56 A |
6 h | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B | 25 B |
7 h | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B |
8 h | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B |
9 h | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B |
10 h | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B |
11 h | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B |
12 h | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B | 0 B |
13 h | 0 B | 0 B | 3 B | 8 B |
14 h | 0 B | 11 B | 6 B | 8 B |
15 h | 12 B | 13 B | 11 B | 12 B |
16 h | 20 B | 20 B | 15 B | 25 B |
17 h | 30 B | 30 B | 35 B | 40 B |
18 h | 70 A | 65 A | 75 A | 75 A |
19 h | 78 A | 79 A | 89 A | 80 A |
20 h | 88 A | 93 A | 96 A | 94 A |
21 h | 94 A | 99 A | 100 A | 100 A |
22 h | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A |
23 h | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A |
24 h | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A | 100 A |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Dutra, D.R.; Villegas-Cayllahua, E.A.; Baptista, G.G.; Ferreira, L.E.; Castilha, L.D.; Borba, H. Characterization of Post-Mortem pH Evolution and Rigor Mortis Process in Botucatu Rabbit Carcasses of Different Categories. Animals 2024, 14, 2502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172502
Dutra DR, Villegas-Cayllahua EA, Baptista GG, Ferreira LE, Castilha LD, Borba H. Characterization of Post-Mortem pH Evolution and Rigor Mortis Process in Botucatu Rabbit Carcasses of Different Categories. Animals. 2024; 14(17):2502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172502
Chicago/Turabian StyleDutra, Daniel Rodrigues, Erick Alonso Villegas-Cayllahua, Giovanna Garcia Baptista, Lucas Emannuel Ferreira, Leandro Dalcin Castilha, and Hirasilva Borba. 2024. "Characterization of Post-Mortem pH Evolution and Rigor Mortis Process in Botucatu Rabbit Carcasses of Different Categories" Animals 14, no. 17: 2502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172502