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Preparation and Characterization of Cumin Essential Oil Nanoemulsion (CEONE) as an Antibacterial Agent and Growth Promoter in Broilers: A Study on Efficacy, Safety, and Health Impact
by
, , and
Muhammad Jabbar
1
,
Irfan Baboo
1,*
,
Hamid Majeed
2, 
Zahid Farooq
1,
Valiollah Palangi
3
and
Maximilian Lackner
4,*
1
Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
3
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
4
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 17 Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2024, 14(19), 2860; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14192860
Submission received: 3 July 2024
/
Revised: 25 September 2024
/
Accepted: 2 October 2024
/
Published: 4 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed Additives in Broiler Nutrition)
Simple Summary
Broiler meat is widely consumed around the globe. To fulfill consumer demand, broiler farmers are using antibiotic growth promoters for improved efficiency. However, these antibiotics have been banned in developed countries due to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, plant supplements in the form of essential oils (EOs) have gained acceptability due to their excellent antibacterial properties. The next step is to encapsulate the EO for better delivery to target organs in broilers, which was investigated in vivo. The novelty of this study is to encapsulate volatile compounds of EOs in nanoemulsion (NE). This study has observed a positive effect of NE in terms of broiler growth performance, suggesting that cumin EO NE (CEONE) can be used as a substitute for the prophylactic administration of synthetic antibiotics.
Abstract
This research characterized and explored the effect of cumin essential oil nanoemulsion (CEONE) on broiler growth performance, serum biochemistry, hematological parameters, and cecal microbial count. Day-old (n = 96) broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments with five replicates of three broilers each. The dietary treatments consisted of negative control (only basal diet), positive control (basal diet + 200 µL of enrofloxacin), 25 µL (basal diet + 25 µL of CEONE), 50 µL (basal diet + 50 µL of CEONE), 75 µL (basal diet + 75 µL of CEONE), and 100 µL (basal diet + 100 µL of CEONE). The broiler’s body weight gain (BWG) after 42 days of treatment exhibited increased weight in the CEONE group (976.47 ± 11.82–1116.22 ± 29.04). The gain in weight was further evidenced by the beneficial microbe load (107 log) compared to the pathogenic strain. All the biochemical parameters were observed in the normal range, except for a higher level of HDL and a lower LDL value. This safety has been validated by pKCSM toxicity analysis showing a safe and highly tolerable dose of cuminaldehyde. In conclusion, this research observed the potential of CEONE as a multifunctional agent. It is a valuable candidate for further application in combating bacterial infections and enhancing animal health and growth.
Keywords:
essential oil; nanoemulsion; chicken; cuminaldehyde
