Effects of Chronic Heat Stress on Growth, Apoptosis, Antioxidant Enzymes, Transcriptomic Profiles, and Immune-Related Genes of Hong Kong Catfish (Clarias fuscus)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Experimental Design and Management
2.3. Morphological Statistics
2.4. TUNEL Staining of Liver Tissue for Apoptosis Detection
2.5. Serum and Liver Indexes Test
2.6. RNA Extraction, Library Construction, Sequencing and Assembly
2.7. Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and Functional Enrichment Analysis
2.8. Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR (qPCR) Validation
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Statistics
3.2. Hepatic Tissue Analysis via TUNEL Assay
3.3. Effect of Chronic High Temperature on Biochemical Indexes in Serum and Liver of C. fuscus
3.4. Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis
3.4.1. Sequencing of Reads in C. fuscus Liver
3.4.2. Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs)
3.4.3. Functional Classification of DEGs
3.5. qRT-PCR Validation of Transcriptome Data
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Primer Sequences (5′-3′) |
---|---|
Hsp90aa1 | F: GGACCATCGCCAAAT |
R: GGCAGAGTAGAAACCCAC | |
Odc1 | F: GGATCATTTATGCCAACC |
R: TCCGAGCAACCTTCATT | |
Acod1 | F: CGACCTTACGACGTGAACAT |
R: TTTAGCCAGACCCAACACAC | |
Cyp51a1 | F: ACGACGATGAGATTTCCG |
R: CTTGCTTCTGTTCGCTGTA | |
Hspa5 | F: ACGGGCAACAAGAACAAGAT |
R: GGTTCTTGAGTGAGTAGGCG | |
Il1rl2 | F: GGGTGTCTAAGGGTTGG |
R: GCACTTCCTCTGTGGGTT | |
Myd88 | F: GAGAGAATCCCACGCAGAAG |
R: TTATGCTTCGATCCTGGTGC | |
Msmo | F: AGGCTTCGTGTTCCAGTT |
R: CCAGTCGTAAGGGATGCTA | |
Dhcr24 | F: AGTGGTGTTTGATGCCTAC |
R: TTCCTCCCTCCTTCTTC | |
Oplah | F: TTCACCGCACGCTACAT |
R: GGCCAAAGTCCCGATT | |
β-actin | F: AGGCTGGATTCGCTGGAGATGAT |
R: TGGTGACAATACCGTGCTCAATGG |
Gene ID | Gene Name | Gene Annotation | log2 (FC) |
---|---|---|---|
gene-Cfus20961 | gprin3 | G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 3 | 8.3369 |
gene-Cfus12438 | chs2 | chitin synthase2 | 8.1574 |
gene-Cfus21522 | pprc1 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-related protein 1 | 8.0864 |
gene-Cfus01065 | robo2 | roundabout homolog 2-like | 7.7606 |
gene-Cfus18848 | entpd2 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 | 7.2640 |
gene-Cfus18283 | ptx | pentraxin fusion protein-like | 6.8802 |
gene-Cfus01755 | porcn | protein-serine O-palmitoleoyltransferase porcupine-like | 6.8777 |
gene-Cfus03155 | tuba1c | tubulin alpha-1C chain | 6.7665 |
gene-Cfus03755 | arpp21 | cAMP regulated phosphoprotein 21 | 6.5925 |
gene-Cfus06190 | trim25 | E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25-like | 6.4865 |
gene-Cfus08092 | LOC106488566 | RNA-directed DNA polymerase from mobile element jockey-like | −6.7983 |
gene-Cfus13395 | cacna1h | voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H-like | −6.6817 |
gene-Cfus06402 | nceh1 | neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1-like | −6.4654 |
gene-Cfus20062 | cps1 | carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 | −6.2394 |
gene-Cfus02255 | ankrd13d | ankyrin repeat domain 13D | −5.9840 |
gene-Cfus15168 | chrna2 | neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2-like | −5.4795 |
gene-Cfus19983 | lrrc58 | leucine rich repeat containing 58 | −5.4091 |
gene-Cfus13163 | vmo1 | vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog | −5.2657 |
gene-Cfus16454 | mast2 | microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 2 | −5.0676 |
gene-Cfus17407 | sbk1 | serine/threonine-protein kinase SBK1-like | −4.8348 |
Pathway/ Gene Name | Gene Annotation | log2 (FC) | Up/ Down |
---|---|---|---|
Biosynthesis of amino acids | |||
mat2a | Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A | 3.0678 | Up |
mat1a | S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1 | 2.2197 | Up |
bcat2 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial | 2.4590 | Up |
eno3 | Enolase 3 | 2.1771 | Up |
shmt1 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic-like | 2.0500 | Up |
srr | L-threonine ammonia-lyase-like | 2.8882 | Up |
arg2 | Arginase-2, mitochondrial | 2.2139 | Up |
psat1 | Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 | −2.1117 | Down |
phgdh | Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase | −2.1841 | Down |
tkt | Transketolase | −2.6636 | Down |
cps1 | Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 | −6.2394 | Down |
Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum | |||
hsp90a.1 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha | 2.7554 | Up |
hspa8 | Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein | 2.0996 | Up |
hyou1 | Hypoxia upregulated 1 | 2.2399 | Up |
ube2g1 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1-like | 2.1523 | Up |
cryaa | Crystallin alpha A | 2.7842 | Up |
ern2 | Endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 | 3.5579 | Up |
dnajai | DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1-like | 2.8502 | Up |
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Liu, Y.; Tian, C.; Yang, Z.; Huang, C.; Jiao, K.; Yang, L.; Duan, C.; Zhang, Z.; Li, G. Effects of Chronic Heat Stress on Growth, Apoptosis, Antioxidant Enzymes, Transcriptomic Profiles, and Immune-Related Genes of Hong Kong Catfish (Clarias fuscus). Animals 2024, 14, 1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071006
Liu Y, Tian C, Yang Z, Huang C, Jiao K, Yang L, Duan C, Zhang Z, Li G. Effects of Chronic Heat Stress on Growth, Apoptosis, Antioxidant Enzymes, Transcriptomic Profiles, and Immune-Related Genes of Hong Kong Catfish (Clarias fuscus). Animals. 2024; 14(7):1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071006
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yong, Changxu Tian, Zhihua Yang, Cailin Huang, Kaizhi Jiao, Lei Yang, Cunyu Duan, Zhixin Zhang, and Guangli Li. 2024. "Effects of Chronic Heat Stress on Growth, Apoptosis, Antioxidant Enzymes, Transcriptomic Profiles, and Immune-Related Genes of Hong Kong Catfish (Clarias fuscus)" Animals 14, no. 7: 1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071006