Association of Maternal Risk Factors with the Prevalence of Caesarean Section Deliveries: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics of the Study Population
3.2. Associations of the Mode of Delivery with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric, and Lifestyle Characteristics of the Enrolled Mothers
3.3. Associations of Type of Delivery with Maternal Perinatal Factors
3.4. Multivariate Binary Logistic Regression Analysis for Mode of Delivery by Adjustment for Multiple Confounding Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters (n = 5182) | Type of Delivery | ||
---|---|---|---|
Vaginal (43.6%) | Caesarean (56.4%) | p-Value | |
Mothers’ age (mean ± SE; years), Mean age: 37.5 ± 4.8 years | 36.6 ± 4.4 | 38.2 ± 5.0 | p = 0.0001 |
Mothers’ ethnicity (n, %) | p = 0.4735 | ||
Greek (4957, 95.7%) | 2169 (95.9) | 2788 (95.5) | |
Others (225, 4.3%) | 93 (4.1) | 132 (4.5) | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (mean ± SD; kg/m2) Mean value: 22.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2 | 22.1 ± 3.4 | 23.1 ± 3.8 | p = 0.0001 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI status (n,%) | p < 0.0001 | ||
Underweight (149, 2.9%) | 98 (4.3) | 51 (1.8) | |
Normal weight (3869, 74.7%) | 1751 (77.4) | 2118 (72.5) | |
Overweight (905, 17.4%) | 352 (15.6) | 553 (18.9) | |
Obese (259, 4.0%) | 61 (2.7) | 198 (6.6) | |
Educational years (mean ± SD; years) Mean value: 14.5 ± 2.8 years | 13.5 ± 2.9 | 14.7 ± 2.8 | p = 0.0011 |
Financial level (n, %) | p = 0.0117 | ||
Low (2.937, 46.2%) | 1082 (47.8) | 1315 (45.0) | |
Medium (2236, 45.1%) | 1011 (44.7) | 1325 (45.4) | |
High (449, 8.7%) | 169 (7.5) | 280 (9.6) | |
Smoking habits (n, %) | p = 0.0004 | ||
No smokers (3857, 74.4%) | 1739 (76.9) | 2118 (72.5) | |
Regular smokers (25.6%) | 523 (23.1) | 802 (275.) | |
Parity (n, %) | p = 0.0638 | ||
Nulliparity (3327, 64.2%) | 1484 (65.6) | 1843 (63.1) | |
Multiparity (1855, 35.8%) | 778 (34.4) | 1077 (36.9) | |
Gestational weigh gain (mean ± SD; kg) Mean values: 13.8 ± 6.1 | 13.3 ± 6.0 | 14.2 ± 6.2 | p < 0.0001 |
Preterm birth (<37th week, n, %) | p < 0.0001 | ||
No (4211, 81.3%) | 2190 (96.8) | 2021 (69.2) | |
Yes (971, 18.7%) | 72 (3.2) | 899 (30.8) | |
Gestational diabetes (n, %) | p = 0.7019 | ||
No (4958, 95.7%) | 2167 (95.8) | 2791 (95.6) | |
Yes (224, 4.3%) | 95 (4.2) | 129 (4.4) | |
Gestational hypertension (n, %) | p = 0.1426 | ||
No (4968, 95.9%) | 2179 (96.3) | 2789 (95.5) | |
Yes (214, 4.1%) | 83 (3.7) | 131 (4.5) | |
Exclusive breastfeeding (n, %) | p < 0.0001 | ||
No (2608, 50.3%) | 872 (38.6) | 1736 (59.5) | |
Yes (2574, 49.7%) | 1390 (61.4) | 1184 (40.5) | |
Hospital type of delivery (n, %) | p = 0.0001 | ||
Public hospital (2522, 48.7%) | 1226 (54.2) | 1296 (44.4) | |
Private hospital (51.3%) | 1036 (45.8) | 1624 (55.6) |
Characteristics | Caesarean Section | |
---|---|---|
RR * (95% CI **) | p-Value | |
Age (below/over mean value) | 1.58 (1.25–1.91) | p = 0.0048 |
Ethnicity (Greek/other) | 0.97 (0.34–1.67) | p = 0.5503 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (underweight or normal/overweight or obese) | 2.14 (1.91–2.40) | p = 0.0008 |
Educational status (below/over mean value) | 1.43 (0.88–1.99) | p = 0.1705 |
Financial status (low or medium/high) | 1.31 (0.92–1.76) | p = 0.0387 |
Smoking habits (No/Yes) | 1.72 (1.28–2.38) | p = 0.0412 |
Parity (Nulliparity/Multiparity) | 1.20 (0.83–1.73) | p = 0.1433 |
Gestational weight gain (below/over mean value) | 1.26 (0.96–1.62) | p = 0.0094 |
Preterm birth (No/Yes) | 1.84 (1.59–2.09) | p = 0.0012 |
Gestational diabetes (No/Yes) | 1.07 (0.23–2.04) | p = 0.8498 |
Gestational hypertension (No/Yes) | 1.18 (0.69–1.85) | p = 0.2085 |
Exclusive breastfeeding (No/Yes) | 0.44 (0.19–0.68) | p = 0.0002 |
Type of hospital of delivery (public/private) | 2.05 (1.78–2.41) | p = 0.0021 |
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Pavlidou, E.; Antasouras, G.; Papadopoulou, S.K.; Alexatou, O.; Papandreou, D.; Mentzelou, M.; Tsourouflis, G.; Louka, A.; Rodopaios, N.E.; Chrysafi, M.; et al. Association of Maternal Risk Factors with the Prevalence of Caesarean Section Deliveries: A Cross-Sectional Study. Med. Sci. 2023, 11, 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci11040066
Pavlidou E, Antasouras G, Papadopoulou SK, Alexatou O, Papandreou D, Mentzelou M, Tsourouflis G, Louka A, Rodopaios NE, Chrysafi M, et al. Association of Maternal Risk Factors with the Prevalence of Caesarean Section Deliveries: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medical Sciences. 2023; 11(4):66. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci11040066
Chicago/Turabian StylePavlidou, Eleni, Georgios Antasouras, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Olga Alexatou, Dimitrios Papandreou, Maria Mentzelou, Gerasimos Tsourouflis, Aikaterini Louka, Nikolaos E. Rodopaios, Maria Chrysafi, and et al. 2023. "Association of Maternal Risk Factors with the Prevalence of Caesarean Section Deliveries: A Cross-Sectional Study" Medical Sciences 11, no. 4: 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci11040066