The Effect of Motivation on the Behavioral Intention to Protect Industrial Techniques of High-Tech Firms’ Employees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development
2.1. Motivation and Theory of Planned Behavior
2.2. Motivation and TPB in Relation to Technology Protection
2.3. Behavioral Intention to Protect Industrial Techniques
3. Research Methods
3.1. Research Model
3.2. Measurement Variable and Data Collection
3.3. Demographic Information from the Data
4. Results
4.1. Reliability and Validity Results
4.2. Analysis Results of Structural Model
4.3. Mediated Effect
5. Discussions
6. Conclusions
6.1. Research Implications
6.2. Limitations and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Theories | Key Concepts | Sources and Representative Scholars |
---|---|---|
Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation theory | The theory states that behavior is driven by intrinsic motivation, where individuals are motivated by the enjoyment or interest of the activity, and extrinsic motivation, where individuals are motivated by external rewards or punishments. | Deci and Ryan (1985b, 2000) |
Attribution theory | The theory posits that individuals’ behaviors and emotions are shaped by their reasoning about the causes of their own and others’ behaviors, which they attribute to internal factors (ability, effort) or external factors (luck, circumstances). | Heider (1958) and Weiner (1985) |
Expectancy–value theory | The theory posits that an individual’s behavior is motivated by the anticipation of success and the perceived value of that success. | Eccles and Wigfield (2002) |
Self-determination theory | The theory posits that intrinsic motivation is enhanced when three fundamental psychological needs are fulfilled: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. | Deci and Ryan (1985b) |
Self-efficacy theory | The theory posits that an individual’s belief in their ability to successfully perform a particular task influences their subsequent behavior and motivation. | Bandura (1977) |
Achievement goal theory | The theory posits that individuals are motivated by how they seek achievement, and that this motivation can be divided into two categories: mastery goals, which prioritize learning and growth, and performance goals, which prioritize comparison with others. | Nicholls (1984) and Dweck (1986) |
Future time perspective theory | The theory that an individual’s perspective on the future affects their motivations and behaviors in the present. | Husman and Lens (1999) |
Factor | Measurement Item | Reference |
---|---|---|
Intrinsic motivation |
| Deci and Ryan (1985a, 1985b) Ryan and Deci (2000a, 2000b) Guay et al. (2000) Li et al. (2016) |
Extrinsic motivation |
| |
Attitude toward behavior |
| Ajzen and Driver (1992), Ajzen (2006), Quintal et al. (2010) |
Subjective norm |
| |
Perceived behavioral control |
| |
Behavioral intention |
|
Classification | Frequency | Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 130 | 65.0 |
Female | 70 | 35.0 | |
Age | 20 to 29 | 15 | 7.5 |
30 to 39 | 76 | 38.0 | |
40 to 49 | 73 | 36.5 | |
50 to 59 | 30 | 15.0 | |
60 to 69 | 6 | 3.0 | |
Field | Electronics (semiconductors, displays) | 45 | 22.5 |
Information technology (IT) | 93 | 46.5 | |
Genetics and biotechnology | 25 | 12.5 | |
New materials | 32 | 16.0 | |
Other | 5 | 2.5 | |
Title | Superior to executives | 19 | 9.5 |
Department manager, Director | 34 | 17.0 | |
Manager, Deputy general manager | 82 | 41.0 | |
Staff, Associate, Assistant manager | 65 | 32.5 | |
Corporation size | Large companies | 94 | 47.0 |
Small and Medium-sized enterprises | 105 | 52.5 | |
Other | 1 | 0.5 | |
Work experience | Less than 5 years | 47 | 23.5 |
5 to 10 years | 68 | 34.0 | |
10 to 20 years | 55 | 27.5 | |
More than 20 years | 30 | 15.0 | |
Experience in industrial technology protection | Yes | 82 | 41.0 |
No | 74 | 37.0 | |
I am not sure | 44 | 22.0 |
Variable | N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Standard Deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intrinsic motivation | 200 | 2 | 5 | 3.90 | 0.575 | 0.013 | −0.079 |
Extrinsic motivation | 200 | 1 | 5 | 3.06 | 0.793 | −0.391 | 0.062 |
Attitude toward behavior | 200 | 2 | 5 | 4.22 | 0.596 | −0.346 | −0.173 |
Subjective norm | 200 | 2 | 5 | 3.82 | 0.710 | −0.065 | −0.271 |
Perceived behavioral control | 200 | 2 | 5 | 3.52 | 0.788 | −0.113 | −0.381 |
Behavioral intention | 200 | 2 | 5 | 3.87 | 0.645 | 0.029 | −0.369 |
Variable | Measurement Question | Factor Loadings | C.R. (p) | CV | AVE | Cronbach α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intrinsic motivation | IM1 | 0.805 | 0.856 | 0.664 | 0.777 | |
IM2 | 0.798 | 8.547 *** | ||||
IM3 | 0.784 | 8.634 *** | ||||
Extrinsic motivation | EM1 | 0.850 | 0.760 | 0.616 | 0.742 | |
EM2 | 0.782 | 5.882 *** | ||||
EM3 | 0.726 | 14.170 *** | ||||
Attitude toward behavior | AB1 | 0.876 | 0.949 | 0.822 | 0.896 | |
AB 2 | 0.857 | 13.044 *** | ||||
AB 3 | 0.839 | 13.722 *** | ||||
Subjective norm | SN1 | 0.878 | 0.908 | 0.767 | 0.861 | |
SN 2 | 0.828 | 13.012 *** | ||||
SN 3 | 0.799 | 13.004 *** | ||||
Perceived behavioral control | PBC1 | 0.911 | 0.700 | 0.534 | 0.650 | |
PBC 2 | 0.696 | 7.638 *** | ||||
Behavioral intention | BI1 | 0.887 | 0.903 | 0.757 | 0.835 | |
BI2 | 0.882 | 12.055 *** | ||||
BI3 | 0.836 | 11.514 *** |
χ2 | df | p | TLI | CFI | RMSEA | SRMR | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||||
234.019 | 104 | 0.000 | 0.906 | 0.928 | 0.079 | 0.066 | 0.093 | 0.047 |
Intrinsic Motivation | Extrinsic Motivation | Attitude toward Behavior | Subjective Norm | Perceived Behavioral Control | Behavioral Intention | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intrinsic motivation | 0.815 | |||||
Extrinsic motivation | 0.038 | 0.785 | ||||
Attitude toward behavior | 0.504 | −0.180 | 0.907 | |||
Subjective norm | 0.435 | 0.185 | 0.452 | 0.767 | ||
Perceived behavioral control | 0.429 | 0.243 | 0.264 | 0.514 | 0.731 | |
Behavioral intention | 0.592 | 0.042 | 0.593 | 0.613 | 0.566 | 0.870 |
Path | S.E. | β | C.R. (p) | Hypothesis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | Intrinsic motivation -> Attitude toward behavior | 0.090 | 0.552 | 6.219 *** | Accepted |
H2 | Intrinsic motivation -> Subjective norm | 0.112 | 0.511 | 5.713 *** | Accepted |
H3 | Intrinsic motivation -> Perceived behavioral control | 0.131 | 0.694 | 6.040 *** | Accepted |
H4 | Extrinsic motivation -> Attitude toward behavior | 0.055 | −0.273 | −3.571 *** | Accepted |
H5 | Extrinsic motivation -> Subjective norm | 0.071 | 0.178 | 2.246 * | Accepted |
H6 | Extrinsic motivation -> Perceived behavioral control | 0.070 | 0.280 | 3.245 ** | Accepted |
H7 | Attitude toward behavior -> Behavioral intention | 0.076 | 0.564 | 7.263 *** | Accepted |
H8 | Subjective norms -> Behavioral intention | 0.083 | 0.078 | 0.739 | Rejected |
H9 | Perceived behavioral control -> Behavioral intention | 0.104 | 0.548 | 4.604 *** | Accepted |
Dependent Variable | Explanatory Variable | Direct Effect | Indirect Effect | Total Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intrinsic motivation | Attitude toward behavior | 0.558 ** | 0.060 | |
Subjective norm | 0.643 ** | |||
Perceived behavioral control | 0.789 ** | |||
Attitude toward behavior -> Behavioral intention | 0.309 ** | 0.005 | ||
Subjective norms -> Behavioral intention | 0.039 | |||
Perceived behavioral control -> Behavioral intention | 0.378 ** | 0.010 | ||
Extrinsic motivation | Attitude toward behavior | −0.197 ** | 0.094 | |
Subjective norm | 0.161 ** | 0.007 | ||
Perceived behavioral control | 0.228 ** | 0.016 | ||
Attitude toward behavior -> Behavioral intention | −0.109 ** | |||
Subjective norms -> Behavioral intention | 0.010 | |||
Perceived behavioral control -> Behavioral intention | 0.109 ** |
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Lee, S.; Kim, B.; Ivan, U.V. The Effect of Motivation on the Behavioral Intention to Protect Industrial Techniques of High-Tech Firms’ Employees. Adm. Sci. 2024, 14, 176. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14080176
Lee S, Kim B, Ivan UV. The Effect of Motivation on the Behavioral Intention to Protect Industrial Techniques of High-Tech Firms’ Employees. Administrative Sciences. 2024; 14(8):176. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14080176
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Sangwoo, Boyoung Kim, and Ureta Vaquero Ivan. 2024. "The Effect of Motivation on the Behavioral Intention to Protect Industrial Techniques of High-Tech Firms’ Employees" Administrative Sciences 14, no. 8: 176. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14080176