Polarization Properties of Reflection and Transmission for Oceanographic Lidar Propagating through Rough Sea Surfaces

Over the past few years, oceanographic lidar was applied to many fields, and polarization lidar could provide extra information for marine particles. To retrieve the water properties, many simulation models and inversion methods were developed. However, few of them account for the depolarization effect of a rough sea surface. In this study, we develop a model to calculate reflection and transmission Mueller matrices, coupled with the lidar observation geometry. Compared with another operational method, our model has a satisfactory performance. This model also considers the shadowing effects of wave facets. Then, we analyze the polarized properties in different azimuth and zenith angles and find that the reflection of sea surface has a crucial effect on the polarization properties of lidar. For unpolarized light, the reflected light tends to be partially polarized. However, for lidar light that is completely polarized, there is an obvious depolarization owing to multiple scattering, and the depolarization is not negligible at small incident angles. The retrieval of properties of ocean constituents can be effectively improved, becoming more accurate by accounting for the depolarization effects of sea surfaces based on our method.