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Volume 11
Issue 21
10.3390/app112110348
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Review

Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: A Sustainable Green Solution for Clean Environment

by
S. M. Omar Faruque Babu
1,
M. Belal Hossain
2,3,*,
M. Safiur Rahman
4,
Moshiur Rahman
5,
A. S. Shafiuddin Ahmed
6,
Md. Monjurul Hasan
7,
Ahmed Rakib
8,†,
Talha Bin Emran
9,*,
Jianbo Xiao
10 and
Jesus Simal-Gandara
10,*
1
EON Group, Technical Service Division, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
2
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur 3814, Bangladesh
3
School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4222, Australia
4
Water Quality Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
5
Department of Fisheries (DoF), Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
6
Technical Service Division, Opsonin Pharma Ltd., Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
7
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur 3602, Bangladesh
8
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
9
Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
10
Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Present address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10348; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110348
Submission received: 19 September 2021 / Revised: 19 October 2021 / Accepted: 20 October 2021 / Published: 3 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge-Based Biotechnology for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by various sources has become a major worry all over the world. Pollutants can enter the human body through the food chain from aquatic and soil habitats. These pollutants can cause various chronic diseases in humans and mortality if they collect in the body over an extended period. Although the phytoremediation technique cannot completely remove harmful materials, it is an environmentally benign, cost-effective, and natural process that has no negative effects on the environment. The main types of phytoremediation, their mechanisms, and strategies to raise the remediation rate and the use of genetically altered plants, phytoremediation plant prospects, economics, and usable plants are reviewed in this review. Several factors influence the phytoremediation process, including types of contaminants, pollutant characteristics, and plant species selection, climate considerations, flooding and aging, the effect of salt, soil parameters, and redox potential. Phytoremediation’s environmental and economic efficiency, use, and relevance are depicted in our work. Multiple recent breakthroughs in phytoremediation technologies are also mentioned in this review.
Keywords: phytoremediation; toxic metals; pollution; aquatic plant; environment phytoremediation; toxic metals; pollution; aquatic plant; environment

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Babu, S.M.O.F.; Hossain, M.B.; Rahman, M.S.; Rahman, M.; Ahmed, A.S.S.; Hasan, M.M.; Rakib, A.; Emran, T.B.; Xiao, J.; Simal-Gandara, J. Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: A Sustainable Green Solution for Clean Environment. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 10348. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110348

AMA Style

Babu SMOF, Hossain MB, Rahman MS, Rahman M, Ahmed ASS, Hasan MM, Rakib A, Emran TB, Xiao J, Simal-Gandara J. Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: A Sustainable Green Solution for Clean Environment. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(21):10348. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110348

Chicago/Turabian Style

Babu, S. M. Omar Faruque, M. Belal Hossain, M. Safiur Rahman, Moshiur Rahman, A. S. Shafiuddin Ahmed, Md. Monjurul Hasan, Ahmed Rakib, Talha Bin Emran, Jianbo Xiao, and Jesus Simal-Gandara. 2021. "Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: A Sustainable Green Solution for Clean Environment" Applied Sciences 11, no. 21: 10348. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110348

APA Style

Babu, S. M. O. F., Hossain, M. B., Rahman, M. S., Rahman, M., Ahmed, A. S. S., Hasan, M. M., Rakib, A., Emran, T. B., Xiao, J., & Simal-Gandara, J. (2021). Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: A Sustainable Green Solution for Clean Environment. Applied Sciences, 11(21), 10348. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110348

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